General Science Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 10 – Force and Types of Force
- Force is required to bring about any action. Force is necessary for making an object move, to change the direction of motion and also to change the shape of an object.
- There are various types of forces such as muscular force, mechanical force, gravitational force, magnetic force, frictional force and electrostatic force.
- No object changes its position on its own. Force is required to move an object.
- Force is used to change the direction of an object in motion, or to stop it. Force is necessary to change the shape an object. The force applied with the help of muscles is called muscular force.
- The force applied by means of a machine is called mechanical force.
- The force applied by the earth to pull objects towards itself is called gravitational force.
- The force exerted by a magnet is called magnetic force.
- Static electricity is produced on materials like rubber, plastic and ebonite due to friction. The force exerted by such electrically charged materials is called electrostatic force.
Q.1 Choose the term to fill in the blank
a) Force has to be applied to change the direction of a moving object.
(moving, direction, force)
b) When an elephant drags a wooden log over the land, the forces that are applied on the log are muscular force , gravitational force and frictional force.
(muscular force, mechanical force, gravitational force, frictional force)
c) A ball was set rolling on a large table. If its motion is to be changed, a force will have to be applied on it.
(force, motion, gravitation)
d) The force of friction always acts against the motion.
(along, against)
Question 2: Match the following :
Group ‘A’. Group ‘B’
i) An ox pulling a cart. a) Magnetic force
ii) Lifting a heavy
iron object with a crane. b)Electrostatic force.
iii) Weighing with
a spring balance. c) Muscular force
iv) Applying brakes
to a bicycle. d) Gravitational. force.
v) Picking up pieces of
paper with a plastic scale. e) Frictional f orce
Answer :
i) An ox pulling a cart – c) Muscular force
ii) Lifting a heavy iron object with a crane – a) Magnetic force
iii) Weighing with a spring balance – d) Gravitational force
iv) Applying brakes to a bicycle – e) Frictional force
v) Picking up pieces of paper with a plastic scale – b) Electrostatic force
Q.3 One or more forces are acting in the following examples. Name them.
a) An object falling from a tall building: Gravitational force
b) An aeroplane flying in sky: Mechanical and Gravitational force
c) Squeezing sugarcane juice with a squeezer: Muscular force
d) Winnowing foodgrain: Muscular and Gravitational force
Q.5. Why?
a) Machines are oiled from time to time.
Answer : Machine are oiled from time to time so that the devices inside it and mechanical part inside it get lubricant and this will also help machine to work smoothly and efficiently.
b) An object thrown upwards comes down after reaching a point.
Answer : When an object thrown upwards , it comes down after reaching a point… it is only beacuse of gravitational pull of the earth.
c) Powder is sprinkled on a carrom board.
Answer : We sprinkle powder on carrom board to make the surface of the board smooth. This reduces the friction between the surface of the carrom board, the striker and the coins. As a result, the coins and the striker can move easily on the carrom board.
d) The ramp at a railway station has a
rough surface.
Answer : The ramp on a railway station has a rough surface to increase friction so that we do not slip while walking on it. If the surface is smooth, then the frictional force between the ramp and the feet becomes less and the chances of slipping are greater.
Question 6: In what way are we different?
a) Muscular force and mechanical force
Answer : Muscular force : The force applied by the action of muscles in our body is termed as a muscular force.
Mechanical Force : The force generated by the means of a machine is known as mechanical force.
Muscular force example, when you pick up a book placed on the table using your hands, you apply muscular force.
Mechanical force example, when a car gets started, its engine creates a mechanical force on the tyres that help the car to accelerate. So here, the movement of car occurs due to the force generated by the machine on the tyres.
b) The force of friction and gravitational force
Answer : The force of friction : The force which acts opposite to the direction of motion of a body is known as the force of friction. while gravitational force It is the force that is exerted by the earth on every object, which is near or on its surface.
The force of friction is a contact type of force. Gravitational force is non-contact type of force.
For example, a ball rolling on a ground stops after sometime because of frictional force acting between the ground and the ball. Gravitational force For example, an apple falling from a tree branch towards the ground is due to gravitational force.
7. Write answers to the following questions in your own words.
a) What are the things that can be done by applying force ?
Answer : The action from a force can cause an object to move or speed up (accelerate), to slow down (decelerate), to stop, or to change direction. Since any change in velocity is considered acceleration, it can be said that a force on an object results in the acceleration of an object.
b) What is meant by weight?
Answer : Weight is the gravitational force that is acting on a body. weight of a body is mass times acceleration due to gravity.
Weight =mass.
c) Which machines run on muscular force?
Answer : There are many machines that we use in our everyday life and need muscular force. Some of the machines that are run mostly on muscular force are:
• Bi-Cycle,
• Sewing Machine
• Hand-loom machines
However, without the support of muscular force, one cannot run such machines.
Q.8 Solve the following crossword puzzle
Down : 2
1) ……. force is to be applied to push a scooter that has failed.
2) ……….. force can be used to pick up scattered pins.
Across :
1) A ………. pulls an iron nail towards itself.
3) ………. force was used when the farm was ploughed with a tractor.
4) It is due to the force of ………… that raindrops fall to the ground.
Answer :
# Can you tell
1. What happens when you hold the two ends of a spring and pull them apart?
Answer : Potential energy is stored in the spring when the two ends of a spring are pulled apart .
2. What happens when a blacksmith hammers a red hot piece of iron?
Answer : A blacksmith first heats a piece of iron till it becomes red hot. It then becomes soft and can be beaten into desired shape. Iron when heated and beaten it forms some shape and again heated it regain initial iron. Thus, this change is a reversible change.
3. For which tasks in your day-to-day life do you use muscular force ?
Answer : Muscular force is a force which is applied by our muscles. Cutting vegetables to cook food, picking things up, walking, mopping the floor, cycling, etc.
4. Which forces are acting upon an aeroplane taking off into the sky ?
Answer : There are four types of forces which work upon an aeroplane taking off in the air. They are thrust, drag, weight and lift. Thrust is the force which helps the aeroplane move in the direction of motion.
5. Why is powder sprinkled on the carrom board while playing carrom ?
Answer: We sprinkle powder on carrom board to make the surface of the board smooth. This reduces the friction between the surface of the carrom board, the striker and the coins. As a result, the coins and the striker can move easily on the carrom board.
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