Chapter 2 Biology Class 11 Biological Classification NCERT Solutions

Hello students  today we are going to discuss about Class 11 biology chapter 2 biological classification Solutions. Just keep this statement in your mind! The more you practice, better will be your final CBSE Board performance. Reading our biological classification NCERT Solutions and understanding all the topics clearly is the only thing you must to do. You should also practice. Spend some quality time in solving our previous years Biological classification question papers and mock tests. It boosts your exam paper writing practice. Here, you might make mistakes while practicing. Learn from your mistakes and take care of not repeating them. In this article will learn about the chapter 2 biology class 11 biological classification NCERT solutions. Go through them and  Prepare yourself for CBSE board exam.

Important points to Remember about Biological classification 

1. Biological classification of plants and animals was first proposed by Aristotle on the basis of simple morphological characters. 
2. Linnaeus later classified all living organisms into two kingdoms Plantae and Animalia. 
3. Whittaker proposed an elaborate five kingdom classification Monera. Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia. 
4. The main criteria of the five kingdom classification were cell structure, body organisation. mode of nutrition and reproduction, and phylogenetic relationships.
5. In the five kingdom classification, bacteria are included in Kingdom Monera Bacteria are cosmopolitan in distribution. These organisms show the most extensive metabolic diversity. Bacteria may be autotrophic or heterotrophic in their mode of nutrition. 
6. Kingdom Protista includes all single-celled eukaryotes such as Chrysophytes. Dinoflagellates, Euglenoids. Slime-moulds and Protozoans. 
7. Protists have defined nucleus and other membrane bound organelles. They reproduce both asexually and sexually. 
8. Members of Kingdom Fungi show a great diversity in structures and habitat. Most fungi are saprophytic in their mode of nutrition. They show asexual and sexual reproduction. Phycomycetes, Ascomycetes. Basidiomycctes and Deuteromycetes are the four classes under this kingdom.
9. The plantae includes all eukaryotic chlorophyll-containing organisms. Algae bryophytes. pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms are included in this group. 
10. The life cycle of plants exhibit alternation of generations – gametophytic and sporophytic generations. 
11. The heterotrophic eukaryotic, multicellular organisms lacking a cell wall are included in the Kingdom Animalia.
12.  The mode of nutrition of these organisms is holozoic. They reproduce mostly by the sexual mode. 
13. Some acellular organisms like viruses and viroids as well as the lichens are not included in the five kingdom system of classification.

NCERT solutions for class 11 Biology chapter 2 Biological Classification 

1. Discuss how classification systems have undergone several changes over a period of time.

Answer : Thousands of years ago, humans realized that there are large number of organisms and that is difficult to know all of them. Some people start sought procedures to facilitate their study. For that purpose, Aristotle (384-322 BC) tried to group them together and create a special way to name them; For this, he considered its degree of simplicity or complexity and its behavior; He also thought that inferior beings and other superior ones, among them the human being.

In the 18th century, Carlos Linnaeus (1707-1778) took into account the similarities in form and structure of an organism had with other forms of life. He believed that animals are most similar in shape belonged to the same group, and less similar could be part of different groups. He called each large group of organisms as kingdom; this division included other smaller ones, until almost all the organisms occupied a place in its system of organization. He also thought about the importance of giving a specific name to each organism. They called this grouping system classification. 

For a long time, the best known Biological classification was the one that grouped all living things into animals and plants . But when devices such as the microscope invented and some organisms were discovered that showed their own characteristics, different from those two groups. After 200 years of Linnaeus’ research, scientists have developed a classification that groups living beings into five kingdoms given by R.H Whittaker. 

Classifying helps us to organize, to order. In our daily life we ​​classify, group different objects, plants or animals, even without giving that name to our way of proceeding. The order that we obtain by grouping what we want to know or the things we have, makes our task easier. In all the previous centuries, by ordering and studying the world of living beings, the human being has made very valuable advances. By classifying living things, people have come to recognize that plants and animals are no less important than we are. This has allowed us to locate the place that people have among them, not above them.

2. State two economically important uses of: (a) heterotrophic bacteria (b) archaebacteria

Answer : Economic Importance of Heterotrophic Bacteria 

1. Heterotrophic bacteria are mostly responsible for the decomposition of organic matter such as cellulose, keratin, lignin, chitin, etc.
2. Heterotrophic Bacteria are mainly used for Production of antibiotics, nitrogen-fixation and Making curd etc. 
3. Heterotrophic Bacteria which are present in the gut of humans and ruminant organisms help in digestion of food. 
4. Heterotrophic bacteria are also help in production of vitamins. 
5. Heterotrophic organisms break down complex organic matter to simple compounds and assimilate them.

Answer : Nature of cell wall in diatoms

1. The structure of cell wall diatoms has distinct properties. These are unicellular or colony forms. 
2. Each cell is covered with durable silica gel, which is an alternative to the typical cellulose membrane of algae.
3. The hard shell of diatoms consists of a usually symmetric transparent silica shield.
4. The structure of the shell, its shape and the ratio of axes and planes of symmetry are the basis of systematics. 
5. The shape of the cell wall in diatoms is varied: in the form of a ball, disc, cylinder, etc
6. The cell wall of diatoms is made of amorphous silica with a mixture of minerals (aluminum, iron, magnesium) and an organic component and possibly a protein. 
7. The thickness of the shell wall depends on the concentration of silicon in the medium and varies greatly: in thin-walled forms – on hundreds of micrometers, on 13 microns of thick walls. 
8. The Formation of cell wall in diatoms is known as frustule.  
9. When the diatoms goes for Apoptosis the silica in their cell walls gets deposited in the form of diatomaceous earth. 
10. And this diatomaceous earth is very soft and quite inert in nature.
11. Generally It is used in filtration of sugars, oils and for verious industrial purposes.

4. Find out what do the terms ‘algal bloom’ and ‘red – tides’ signify?

Answer : 

1. The red tide is a natural phenomenon which is characterized by producing a change in color of water bodies auch as seas, lakes, rivers or other bodies of water. 
2. This is cause due to the presence of certain species of marine microalgae dinoflagellates (Gonyaulax). 
3. The scientific name for this phenomenon is Harmful Algal Bloom.
4. Algal bloom refers to an increase in the population of algae or blue-green algae. 
5. The red tide is toxic to humans as well as to various marine species. This is due to the fact that these microalgae are capable of producing certain toxins (amnesic, paralyzing, gastric, etc.) which, by accumulating in the body of mollusks and crustaceans, make their consumption dangerous.