Difference between animal cell and plant cell

by

Difference between animal cells and plant cells:

Difference between animal cell and plant cell

 

Cells are the foundation of all living things or living things. The human body consists of trillions of cells. They provide structure for the body, take nutrients from food, convert those nutrients into energy, and carry out essential tasks. Cells also contain hereditary material of the body and can make copies or copies of themselves. Cells have many parts, each of which performs a different function. Some of these parts, called organelles, are specialized structures that perform certain functions inside the cell.

Types of Cell
There are two types of cells.
1. prokaryotic cell
2. Eukaryotic cell

Prokaryotic cells –
Cells that are not found with nucleic art. And the proteins and nucleic acids found in the nucleus remain in contact with cytoplasm in the absence of DNA and RNA nucleus art. Are called prokaryotic cells. A prokaryotic cell is a cell that does not have a nucleus and does not develop well, but a cell wall in a prokaryotic cell is made up of muron and does not contain histone protein in its chromosome.

Examples – Bacteria, Cyanobacteria archaebacteria, Viruses, Bacteriophages, Mycoplasma (PPLO), Blue green algae, Rickettsia cells, etc.

The following are the characteristics of prokaryotic organisms:

  1. Undeveloped and primitive cells are found in these organisms.
  2. They are small in size.
  3. The nucleus is not found.
  4. The nucleus is also not found.
  5. Only one chromosome is found.
  6. Cells are also not found surrounded by cell walls.
  7. Cell division takes place by incomplete division.
  8. Cyanobacteria such as bacteria and blue-green algae are examples of prokaryotic organisms.

 

Eukaryotic Cells –
Cells that have true nuclei (including nucleus art) and well-developed cells are found. Are called eukaryotic cells. The central substances in these do not remain in direct contact with the cytoplasm but remain in contact with the cytoplasm. Nuclei are found in eukaryotic cells, in which the cell is fully developed, histone proteins are found in the chromosome of eukaryotic cells and are alkaline.

Examples – All animal cells, protozoa, organisms, plant cells, animals, etc.

The following are the characteristics of eukaryotic organisms:

  1. There are developed and new cells in them.
  2. They are large.
  3. The nucleus is found.
  4. The nucleus is also found.
  5. More than one chromosome is found.
  6. Cells are also found surrounded by cell walls.
  7. Cell division occurs by mitosis and meiosis.

Cell structure:
Cells are living and perform all the functions that live animals do. Their shape is minimal and the shape is spherical, oval, columnar, porous, flagellate, polygonal, etc. They are surrounded by an object like jelly. This coating is called a cell membrane or cell membrane. This membrane is selectively permeable, which means that this membrane allows a substance (molecule or ion) to freely cross, crossing a limited amount. Lets it happen or stop at all. It is sometimes called the ‘plasma membrane’. The following structures are found within it: –

  1. Nucleus
  2. Chloroplast
  3. Golgi composite or Golgi device
  4. Endoplast
  5. Chromosome
  6. Ribosomes and Centrosomes
  7. Mitochondria

The outer surface of the cell is the plasma membrane, inside which the nucleus/cytoplasm is found. Plasma contains 90-92% water, 1.2% inorganic salts, 6-7% plasma proteins, and 1-2% organic compounds. Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, etc. are found floating in different cytoplasms.

There are two types of eukaryotic cells.

  1. Animal cell
  2. Plant cell.

 

Difference between animal cells and plant cell

  1. In Animals cell wall is absent but fount a covering of plasma cell membrane is found outside the plasma cell membrane. Cell wall present in plant cell
  2. In animal cells, the nucleus is located in the middle of the cell, in plant cells the nucleus is present towards the edge of the cell.
  3. In animal cell nucleus membrane is present while in plant cells Is absent
  4. In animal cell Green Leaf is not found while in plant cell Green Leaf is found
  5. In animal cells chloroplast is absent in plant cells chloroplast Is present
  6. Animal cells have Vaccuoles which are found in small and large numbers. in plant cells the number of vacuoles is large and their number is small.
  7. Lysosomes are present in animal cells. In plant cells lysosome Is absent
  8. Chromosome is present in animal cells. In plant cells The size is small but the chromosome is present but the Size is large
  9. In animal cells The endoplasmic reticulum is present and its number is more their number is less Photosynthesis does not take place in animal cells. In Plant cells photosynthesis takes place
  10. In animal cells, the accumulation of carbohydrates is in the form of glycogen. In plant cells Carbohydrates are stored as starch.

 

  1. Primarily animal cells are found to be smaller than plant cells. While the length of plant cells is 10–10 micrometers, on the other hand, the length of animal cells is 10–30 micrometers.
  2. Animal cells are found in many types such as irregular and round shapes and plant cells are found mainly rectangular or cube-shaped.
  3. The plant cell which stores energy is in the form of starch and on the other side the animal cell which stores energy is in the form of carbohydrate glycogen.
  4. In animal cells, only stem cells change their form whereas almost all cells in plant cells can change their form.
  5. Plant cells enlarge themselves to grow their cells for which they require water while animal cells increase the number of cells to grow their cells.
  6. A 20-amino protein in an animal cell can produce only 10 proteins whereas a complete 20-amino protein of a plant can synthesize.
  7. Both cell wall and cell membrane are found in plant cells whereas only cell membrane is found in animal cells.

 

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a cell?
Answer: The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life. It is derived from the Latin word cellula. Which means – a small room. The term cell was first used by Robert Hooke in 1665 AD, with the help of a self-made microscope, he saw a structure similar to a honeycomb in a thin piece of cork. Which he named the cell. Robert Hooke is called the father of cytology.

Who gave the cell theory?
Answer: In 1893 AD the botanist M.J. Shlaiden and zoologist Theodore jointly proposed the cell theory.

What are the functions of Cell

What are the Cellular processes performed by cell :
Answer: Cell performs many functions such as.

  1. Autophagy
  2. Adhesion
  3. Generation
  4. Cell organelle
  5. Cell signaling
  6. DNA reconstruction and cell death
  7. Metabolism
  8. Cell division: Before each division of the cell, its nucleus is divided. Nuclear division is a gradual occurrence of phenomena, which can be divided into several stages. These stages are as follows: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
  9. Reproduction

What are the Functions of the plasma membrane:
Answer: The plasma membrane controls the movement of certain substances into and out of the cell. Therefore, the plasma membrane is also called a selectively permeable membrane.

Variation: The flow from more dense matter to less dense substance is called diffusion. This flow continues until the density of both substances becomes equal. The rate of diffusion is higher in gaseous substances than in liquids and liquids.

Osmosis: The flow of water from a part of a high aqueous concentration to a part of a low aqueous concentration using a partially permeable membrane is called osmosis.

Endocytosis: The ingestion of substances by the cell through the plasma membrane is called endocytosis.

Exocytosis: In this process, the vesicle membrane collides with the plasma membrane and removes its substances from the surrounding medium. This is called cell vomit.

Leave a Comment