Class 11 biology chapter 3 Kingdom Plantae Textbook solutions

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1. Choose correct option
A. Which is the dominant phase in Pteri-
dophytes?
a. Capsule
b. Gametophyte
c. Sporophyte
d. Embryo

B. The tallest living gymnosperm among
the following is ……….
a. Sequoia sempervirens
b. Taxodium mucronatum
c. Zamia pygmaea
d. Ginkgo biloba

C. In Bryophytes ……….
a. Sporophyte and gametophyte
generation are independent
b. Sporophyte is partially dependent
upon gametophyte
c. Gametophyte is dependent upon
Sporophyte
d. Ginlgo biloba

D. A characteristic of Angiosperm is ………
a. Colloteral vascular bundles
b. Radial vascular bundles
c. Seed formation
d. Double fertilization

E. Angiosperms and Gymnosperms
resemble in having ……….
a. Vessels in wood
b. Mode of nutrition
c. Siphonogamy
d. Nature of seed

2. How you place the pea, jawar and fern
at its proper systematic position? Draw a
flow chart with example of.
Answer : The positions where we can place pea, jowar, and fern are shown below:

(1) Pea can be placed in the taxon of Phanerogamae. It is beacause peas produces seeds. The pea plants bears flowers so can be put under the angiosperms. Peas belong to dicotyledonous plants.

(2) Jowar also can be placed in Phanerogams and in angiosperms. But jowars are monocotyledons.

(3) Fern do not produce seeds so they can be kept under cryptogames and in pteridophytes.

4. Differentiate between Dicotyledonae and Monocotyledonae based on the following characters
a. Type of roots
b. Venation in the leaves
c. Symmetry of flower
Answer : The differences based on the given points are:
1. Type of roots – Monocots have fibrous root system whereas dicots mostly have a tap root system.

2. Venation in the leaves – Monocots have long and narrow leaves along with parallel veins, whereas dicots have broad leaves with a network of veins( reticulate venation).

3. The symmetry of flowers- In monocots, the flowers are arranged in three to six-fold symmetry whereas, in case of dicots, they are arranged in whorls.

5. Answer the following questions

A. We observe that land becomes barren
soon after monsoon. But in the next monsoon it flourishes again with
varieties we observed in season earlier. How you think it takes place?
Answer : The first rain of year in acidic because of the smoke released from factories. the acid rain destroy the bricks, cement exetra so the acid rain also destroy land. the acid rain also make bacteria and fungi that eat organisms decompose. it makes soil fertilizer the rain after that is pure than before so it makes soil fertilizer the fertility of the harvesting soil is directly or indirectly.

B. Fern is a vascular plant. Yet it is not
considered a Phanerogams. Why?
Answer : Fern is a vascular plant yet it is not considered in phanerogams because phanerograms are plants with distinct root and shoot system whereas the ferns that belong to the pteridophyte family is the beginning of separation into root and shoot system, though they are vascular their divisions are nit prominent.

C. Chlamydomonas is microscopic whereas Sargassum is macroscopic; both are algae. Which characters of these plants includes them in one group?
Answer : Chlamydomonas and Saragassum are algae that contains photosynthetic pigment for the process of photosynthesis.

They belong to the same group because of the algae as they have thalloid plant body which states that the body of algae is not differentiated into roots and stem.

Saragassum is brown algae and chalamydomonas is green algae.

D. Which of the following nuts will not
be enclosed in fruits? What are the
peculiar characteristics of these plants?
Betel nut/ Areca nut, pine nut, walnut,
almond, cashew nut, nutmeg.
Answer :

Beetle nut / Areca is grown on palm tree but not on beetle vine as assumed.
Pine nut cause anaphylactic reactions in some cases. These are edible seeds of pines.
Walnuts are the edible parts of drupes so they are not considered as biological nuts.
Almonds are native of Iran and Central Asia. It is also known as extract from stone fruit.
Netmeg is the seed of plant Myristica. It is considered as ground spice.

6. Girth of a Maize plant does not increase over a period of time. Justify
Answer : Maize is a monocotyledonous plant. Cambium is responsible for the widening of girth in plants. Cambium is an example of lateral meristem which helps in growth of the secondary parts of the plant body. So due to the absence of cambium in maize plant there is no increase in their girth.

8. Draw neat labelled diagrams
A. Spirogyra