MCQ on Cell with Answers Pdf
How small do you imagine an organism can be? Before the invention of the microscope, the answer to this question was a well-kept secret. Today we know that the cell is the smallest unit of life that can feed, breathe, reproduce, etc.
For this reason, the cell is characterized as the basic structural and functional unit of life. Just as a building is made up of many bricks, a plant or animal is made up of many tiny cells. This is why organisms such as plants and animals are called multicellular. But there are also single-celled organisms called Prokaryotes, such as the amoeba, that consist of a single cell. These organisms are visible only with the help of a microscope.
Here below we have provided MCQ on Cell with Answers Pdf free downloads were prepared based on the latest exam pattern of various competitive examinations. These MCQs Questions on the cell with Answers to help students understand the concept very well. you can go through NEET Biology Questions with Answers.
MCQ on Cell Structure and Functions with Answers
1. Who discovered the cell in 1665?
(a) Robert Hook
(b) Robert Crook
(c) David Thomson
(d) Marie Francois
Answer: (a)
Explanation: Robert Hooke discovered the cell while observing cork under a microscope in 1665.
2. Who proposed the cell theory?
(a) Singer and Nicholsen
(b) Schwann and Schleiden
(c) Hook and Brown
(d) Robertson
Answer: (b)
Explanation: The cell theory was proposed by Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann in 1838–1839.
3. Who proposed that new cells arise through cell division of pre-existing cells?
(a) Robert Hook
(b) Rudolf Virchow
(c) Robert Brown
(d) Singer
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Rudolf Virchow introduced the concept of “Omnis cellula e cellula” — cells arise from pre-existing cells.
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4. Which of the following cell organelles is absent in animal cells and present in a plant cell?
(a) Cell wall
(b) Cytoplasm
(c) Vacuoles
(d) Mitochondria
Answer: (a)
Explanation: The cell wall is present in plant cells but absent in animal cells.
Read: Plant Cell Multiple Choice Questions
5. Which of the following cell organelles is called the powerhouse of the cell?
(a) Nucleus
(b) Lysosomes
(c) Chloroplast
(d) Mitochondria
Answer: (d)
Explanation: Mitochondria produce energy in the form of ATP and are known as the powerhouse of the cell.
Read: MCQ on Viruses and Viroids with Answers Pdf
6. Name the outermost boundary of the cell?
(a) Plasma membrane
(b) Cytoplasm
(c) Nuclear membrane
(d) None of the above
Answer: (a)
Explanation: The plasma membrane forms the outer boundary of animal cells.
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7. Which of the following cell organelles regulates the entry and exit of molecules to and from the cell?
(a) Lysosomes
(b) Golgi bodies
(c) Cell membrane
(d) Mitochondria
Answer: (c)
Explanation: The cell membrane is selectively permeable and controls material movement.
8. Animal Cells are Interconnected by _______
(a) Desmosomes
(b) Cell wall
(c) Plasmodesmata
(d) Plasma membrane
Answer: (a)
Explanation: Desmosomes are intercellular junctions that connect adjacent animal cells.
9. Which of the Following is Known as Mitoplast?
(a) Mitochondria without outer membrane
(b) Another name for mitochondria
(c) Mitochondria without membranes
(d) Mitochondria without inner membrane
Answer: (a)
Explanation: Mitoplast is a mitochondrion that has lost its outer membrane.
10. The rRNA is Synthesized by_________
(a) Golgi body
(b) Nucleus
(c) Nucleolus
(d) Cytoplasm
Answer: (c)
Explanation: The nucleolus within the nucleus is responsible for rRNA synthesis.
11. Which of the following cell organelles is present in animal cells and absent in plant cells?
(a) Nucleus
(b) Centrosome
(c) Golgi bodies
(d) All of the above
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Centrosomes with centrioles are found in animal cells but not in most plant cells.
12. Which of the following is not a double membrane-bound organelle?
(a) Chloroplast
(b) Mitochondria
(c) Endoplasmic Reticulum
(d) All of the above
Answer: (c)
Explanation: ER is a single membrane-bound organelle, unlike mitochondria and chloroplasts.
13. The study of the structure and composition of cells is called______________
(a) Cytology
(b) Anthology
(c) Ecology
(d) Phenology
Answer: (a)
Explanation: Cytology is the study of cells — their structure and function.
14. Who discovered Nucleus in 1831?
(a) Robert Hooke
(b) Robert Brown
(c) Rudolf Virchow
(d) T. Schwann
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Robert Brown discovered the nucleus in plant cells in 1831.
15. Which of the following sentence is not correct about the organelles?
(a) They are found in all Eukaryotic cells.
(b) They are found in multicellular organisms.
(c) They coordinate to produce the cell.
(d) All of the above
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Organelles are present in both unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes, so (b) is incorrect.
16. _____________is the study of the cell, its types, structure, functions and its organelles.
(a) Biology
(b) Cell Biology
(c) Microbiology
(d) Biotechnology
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Cell biology deals specifically with the study of cells and their parts.
17. Identify the Longest Cell in the Human Body From the List Given Below.
(a) Nerve cells
(b) Gland cells
(c) Bone cells
(d) Muscle cells
Answer: (a)
Explanation: Nerve cells can be over a meter long — the longest in the body.
18. Which of the Below Option is/are Examples of an Organ that Contain a Smooth Muscle?
(a) Uterus only
(b) Iris of eye
(c) Bronchi only
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d)
Explanation: Smooth muscles are found in internal organs like uterus, bronchi, and iris.
19. Which of the following cell organelles does not contain DNA?
(a) Nucleus
(b) Lysosomes
(c) Chloroplast
(d) Mitochondria
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Lysosomes are digestive organelles and do not contain DNA.
20. Which of the following statements is true about cell theory?
(a) The Cell theory does not apply to fungi
(b) The Cell theory does not apply to virus
(c) The Cell theory does not apply to algae
(d) The Cell theory does not apply to microbes
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Viruses are acellular and don’t follow the rules of cell theory.
21. The fluidity of the plasma membrane increases with________
(a) Increase in unsaturated fatty acids in the membrane
(b) Increase in saturated fatty acids in the membrane
(c) Increase in glycolipid content in the membrane
(d) Increase in phospholipid content in the membrane
Answer: (a)
Explanation: Unsaturated fatty acids introduce kinks in lipid chains, increasing membrane fluidity.
22. ___________ is a jellylike substance found floating inside the plasma membrane.
(a) Cell sap
(b) Cytoplasm
(c) Karyoplasm
(d) Mitochondria
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Cytoplasm is the jelly-like fluid that fills the cell and holds organelles.
23. Which of the following statements is true about the cell wall?
(a) The cell wall is mainly composed of lipid
(b) The cell wall is mainly composed of starch
(c) The cell wall is mainly composed of protein
(d) The cell wall is mainly composed of cellulose
Answer: (d)
Explanation: Plant cell walls are mostly made of cellulose, a structural carbohydrate.
24. Which of the following statements is true about the Golgi bodies?
(a) It is a sac-like organelle
(b) It is located near the nucleus
(c) It helps in transporting the particles throughout the cell.
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d)
Explanation: All statements are correct; Golgi bodies package and transport substances inside the cell.
25. Which of the following statements is true about the Nucleus?
(a) It is absent in prokaryotes
(b) It is called the brain of the cell
(c) It contains DNA and other genetic materials.
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d)
Explanation: All given options correctly describe the nucleus.
26. A cell without a cell wall is termed as__________
(a) Tonoplast
(b) Protoplast
(c) Symplast
(d) Apoplast
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Protoplast refers to a plant cell whose cell wall has been removed.
27. Which is not an example of transmembrane transport between different subcellular compartments?
(a) Transport from the stroma into thylakoid space
(b) Transport from the cytoplasm into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum
(c) Transport from the endoplasmic reticulum into the Golgi complex
(d) Transport from mitochondrial intermembrane space into the mitochondrial matrix
Answer: (c)
Explanation: ER to Golgi transport occurs via vesicles, not across membranes, so it’s not transmembrane.
28. Which is correct regarding the peptides in the Ramachandran Plot?
(a) The sequence of the peptide can be deduced
(b) It is not possible to conclude whether a peptide adopts entirely helix or entirely beta-sheet conformation
(c) Peptides that are unstructured will have all the backbone dihedral angles in the disallowed regions
(d) The occurrence of a beta-turn conformation in a peptide can be deduced.
Answer: (d)
Explanation: The plot can help identify secondary structures like beta-turns based on angle positions.
29. Which of the following statements is true about chromosomes?
(a) Chromosomes are present within the nucleus.
(b) It contains genes and helps in the inheritance or transfer of characters from the parents to the next generation.
(c) It is made up of DNA in the form of Chromatin material and protein.
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d)
Explanation: All statements describe chromosomes accurately.
30. Which of the following is a single membrane-bound cell organelle?
(a) Vacuole
(b) Golgi Apparatus
(c) Endoplasmic Reticulum
(d) All of these
Answer: (d)
Explanation: All listed organelles are bound by a single membrane.
31. It is the smallest cell________
(a) Bacteria
(b) Mycoplasma
(c) Yeast
(d) Blue-green algae
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Mycoplasma is the smallest known living cell, around 0.1 µm in size.
32. Who mentioned that the presence of a cell wall is a unique character of the plant cell?
(a) Schwann
(b) Virchow
(c) Schleiden
(d) Robert Brown
Answer: (a)
Explanation: Schwann stated that animal cells lack cell walls, unlike plant cells.
33. Which structure possesses flagellin protein?
(a) Muscles fiber
(b) Flagellum
(c) Pilli
(d) all of the above
Answer: (b)
Explanation: The flagellum in prokaryotes is made up of the protein flagellin.
34. In humans, which cell lacks a nucleus?
(a) Lymphocyte
(b) RBC
(c) Monocytes
(d) Neutrophils
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Mature red blood cells (RBCs) do not contain a nucleus.
35. Which is the biggest animal cell?
(a) Ostrich’s egg
(b) Hen’s egg
(c) PPLO
(d) Mycoplasma
Answer: (a)
Explanation: The ostrich egg is the largest known animal cell.
36. Like a zygote any cell of the body is capable of producing a new individual is known as_________
(a) Totipotency
(b) Differentiation
(c) Growth
(d) Reproduction
Answer: (a)
Explanation: Totipotent cells have the potential to develop into a complete organism.
37. What is the function of SER?
(a) Synthesis of steroid hormone
(b) Synthesis of protein
(c) Synthesis of enzyme
(d) all
Answer: (a)
Explanation: The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) synthesizes lipids and steroid hormones.
38. This organelle possesses 9 + 0 structure__________
(a) Centriole
(b) Cillia
(c) Flagella
(d) all
Answer: (a)
Explanation: Centrioles show a 9+0 arrangement of microtubules (nine triplets and no central pair).
39. Which organelle possesses circular DNA?
(a) Chloroplast
(b) Lysosome
(c) Ribosome
(d) Golgi apparatus
Answer: (a)
Explanation: Chloroplasts (and mitochondria) have their own circular DNA.
40. What is the main difference between active and passive transport?
(a) Active transport occurs by ATP
(b) Active transport occurs fast.
(c) Energy is necessary for passive transport
(d) Passive transport is a non-selective transport
Answer: (a)
Explanation: Active transport requires energy (ATP), unlike passive transport.