Relation between g and G | what is g ? | Unit & Dimensions
Relation between g and G
When we throw something up, why does it come down? Have you ever thought about it? The force of gravity pulls that thing down. So what is this gravity?
Newton’s law of gravitation:
The attraction force acting between any two objects is proportional to the product of the mass of the objects and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
Suppose two objects with mass m1 and m2 are located at a distance R from each other, then according to Newton’s law, the force of attraction between them is F = G m1m2 / R². Where G is a constant, called the universal gravitational constant, and whose value is 6.67 X 10‐¹¹ Nm² / kg².
Gravity:
An attraction force acts between two bodies according to Newton’s gravity. If one of these bodies is earth, then this attraction force is called gravity. That is, gravity is the attraction force through which the earth pulls an object towards its center. The acceleration generated due to this force is called gravitational acceleration (g), which has a value of 9.8 m / s². Gravitational acceleration (g) does not depend on the form, shape, mass, etc. of the object.
What is g?
- In another way When an object is left freely above it, it starts falling towards the earth due to the force of gravity and its velocity produces an acceleration which is called gravitational acceleration.
- Let us display it with g. Its value is 9.81m/sec².
- Its unit is meter / second² (m/sec²) or newton / kg (N / Kg).
- Gravitational transfer does not depend on the shape, form, mass, etc. of the object. It is a vector quantity.
- The standard value of g is 9.8 meters per second.
- The value of g at the equator is minimum and maximum at the poles because the diameter of the equator is greater than the diameter of the poles and the earth rotates around on its axis.
- The value of g increases as the earth’s rotation speed decreases and the value of g decreases as the rotation speed increases.
- The value of g decreases above the surface of the earth and increases when it goes down and becomes 0 (at the center) after a time.
- The value of g at the center of the earth becomes 0.
- The value of g on the moon or The value of gravitational acceleration on the Moon is 1/6 of the gravitational acceleration of the Earth.
What is G?
Answer:
- According to Newton’s law of gravity, gravity is the force that acts between any two objects.
- Each particle of the world attracts each other particle with a force that is proportional to the product of the masses of the two particles and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
- If the weight of the first body is m1 and the weight of the second body is m2 and the distance between those bodies is r, then according to Newton’s law of gravity –
F∝ m1 × m2
F ∝ 1 / r2
F∝ m1 × m2 / r2
F = G m1 m2 / r2
Here, G is called the gravitational constant. This is a constant, so its value will remain the same everywhere. Its value is 6.67259 x 10-¹ Nm² / kg ². Its unit is Newton meter²/ kg² (Nm² / kg ²) or meter³/ kg sec² (m³ / kg sec²). G is a scalar quantity.
Obtain the relation between g & G?
Answer: Consider a body of mass ‘m’ kept on the surface of the earth. Let $M & R$ be the mass of earth of radius of earth respectively. The gravitational force, by Newton’s law of gravitation, is,
$F=frac{G M m}{R^{2}}$ – – – (i)
Where G – Universal gravitational constant let ‘g’ be the acceleration due to gravity on the earth’s surface, then the weight of a body is equal to the gravitational force of attraction between the earth & the given body.
$therefore$ weight of body = gravitational force
$begin{aligned} mathrm{mg} &=frac{mathrm{GMm}}{mathrm{R}^{2}} \ mathrm{~g} &=frac{mathrm{GM}}{mathrm{R}^{2}} \ mathrm{GM} &=mathrm{gR}^{2} end{aligned}$
This is the relation between g & G.
Where,
- g is the acceleration due to the gravity of any massive body measured in m/s2.
- G is the universal gravitational constant measured in Nm2/kg2.
- R is the radius of the massive body measured in km.
- M is the mass of the massive body measured in kg
Difference between g and G
- The value of gravitational acceleration (g) varies in different places and The value of G is always fixed at every place in the entire universe.
- The value of 2 g is 9.81 m/s ². The value of G is 6.67259 x 10-¹ Nm²/ kg²
- g is the vector Quantity. G is a scalar Quantity.
- g represents gravitational acceleration and is not a constant. G represents the gravitational constant and is a constant.
- The standard value of g is 9.8 meters per second.
- The value of g at the equator is minimum and maximum at the poles because the diameter of the equator is greater than the diameter of the poles and the earth rotates around on its axis.
- The value of g increases as the earth’s rotation speed decreases and the value of g decreases as the rotation speed increases.
- The value of g decreases above the surface of the earth and increases when it goes down and becomes 0 (at the center) after a time.
- The value of g at the center of the earth becomes 0.