MCQ on Plant Tissue Culture with Answers Pdf
As we know that preparing for NEET or any Life Science competitive exams is never an easy task. But you can reduce this difficulty by buying some good books and practice papers. Here we are providing an MCQ on Plant Tissue Culture that will help you to understand the basic concepts of Tissue Culture Technology and even help you get a good score with sufficient practice questions on each topic.
Here, we tried to simplify the complexities of some of the TCT topics in the form of Plant tissue Culture MCQ questions and answers so that preparation becomes easy for you. Nowadays varieties of conceptual questions have been asked in the examinations based on basic concepts of Plant tissue Culture phenomena that are more important for all competitive exams.
Important Points to Remember About Plant tissue Culture
- It is a technique of growing plant cells, tissues, organs, seeds, or other plant parts in a sterile environment on a nutrient medium.
- Plant tissue culture was first of all conducted by a German scientist, Gottlieb Haberlandt (1902).
- The capacity of producing a complete plant from any cell is called “Totipotency”. The term totipotency was first of all used by Morgan (1909).
- An ideal culture medium should contain all the mineral nutrients required for plant growth. The culture media was developed by White (1953); Gamborg et al. al. (1968) and M.S. medium (1962). Of these. M.S. medium (Murashige and Skoog medium) is commonly used as Culture Media for general experiments on plant tissue culture.
- Plant tissue culture is the modern technique through which regeneration of commercially important plants can be carried out on a commercial level in a small space in a relatively short period and conveniently. It is a main tool of biotechnology and is extensively used in developing genetically modified plants or transgenic plants.
- Steps of Plant tissues Culture: Selection of explant and pretreatment: Selection of explant depends on objective and experimental requirements. For callus culture, and healthy, part of the plant can be used as an explant.
- Surface Sterilization of explant: The selected explants are surface sterilized by appropriate disinfectant chemicals under laminar airflow. This results in to complete sterilization of the explant. Depending upon the nature of the explant various types of disinfectants such as Mercuric chloride (HgCl2), Ethanol, Silver nitrate (AgNO3), Bromine or Chlorine water can be used.
- Initiation of Culture: The surface-sterilized explant is transferred to a suitable nutrient medium under aseptic conditions and transferred to the culture room. In a culture chamber, callus formation is initiated in due course of time. The explant and callus may be transferred to a fresh medium for multiplication.
MCQ on Plant Tissue Culture with Answers Pdf
1. Who is known as the Father of tissue culture?
(a) Bonner
(b) Laibach
(c) Haberlandt
(d) Gautheret
Answer: (c) Haberlandt
Explanation: Gottlieb Haberlandt is regarded as the Father of Plant Tissue Culture due to his pioneering work in totipotency and in vitro culture.
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2. What is an explant?
(a) A part of a plant grown under soil
(b) Any part of a plant taken out and grown in a test tube
(c) A specific part of a plant grown in a test tube
(d) Leaves grew under a test tube
Answer: (b) Any part of a plant taken out and grown in a test tube
Explanation: An explant is a small piece of plant tissue used to initiate a tissue culture.
3. What is Callus?
(a) Tissues that grow to form an embryoid
(b) An unorganized actively dividing mass of cells maintained in a culture
(c) An insoluble carbohydrate
(d) A tissue that grows from an embryo
Answer: (b) An unorganized actively dividing mass of cells maintained in a culture
Explanation: Callus is a mass of undifferentiated plant cells formed during in vitro culture.
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4. The technique of obtaining large number of plantlets by tissue culture method is called____________
(a) Organ culture
(b) Micropropagation
(c) Micropropagation
(d) Plantlet culture
Answer: (b) Micropropagation
Explanation: Micropropagation is a tissue culture technique to rapidly multiply plants in vitro.
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5. What is plant tissue culture?
(a) The technique of in vitro maintaining and growing cells
(b) The technique of in vivo growing cells
(c) The technique of growing plants in gardens
(d) The technique of cutting plants
Answer: (a) The technique of in vitro maintaining and growing cells
Explanation: Plant tissue culture is the science of growing plant cells or tissues in a controlled artificial environment.
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6. The growth of plant tissues in artificial media is called___________
(a) Gene expression
(b) Transgenesis
(c) Plant tissue culture
(d) Cell hybridization
Answer: (c) Plant tissue culture
Explanation: Growing plant tissues outside the plant body in nutrient-rich artificial media is known as plant tissue culture.
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7. What is Dimethyl sulfoxide used for?
(a) A gelling agent
(b) Cryoprotectant
(c) Chelating agent
(d) An alkylating agent
Answer: (b) Cryoprotectant
Explanation: DMSO is commonly used to protect cells during freezing in cryopreservation.
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8. The formation of embryoids from the pollen grains in the tissue culture medium is due to ________.
(a) Organogenesis
(b) Test tube culture
(c) Double fertilization
(d) Cellular totipotency
Answer: (d) Cellular totipotency
Explanation: Cellular totipotency allows single cells like pollen to develop into entire plants.
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9. The production of secondary metabolites requires the use of ________.
(a) Meristem
(b) Protoplast
(c) Axillary buds
(d) Cell suspension
Answer: (d) Cell suspension
Explanation: Secondary metabolites are efficiently produced in suspension cultures of plant cells.
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10. What is a protoplast?
(a) Cell wall + Plasma membrane
(b) Plant cell – cell wall
(c) Cytoplasm + cell wall
(d) Plasma membrane – cytoplasm
Answer: (b) Plant cell – cell wall
Explanation: A protoplast is a plant cell without a cell wall, used in somatic hybridization.
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11. Which type of plant is produced by plant tissue culture?
(a) Interspecific
(b) Dormant species
(c) Genetically modified species
(d) Hybrid species
Answer: (c) Genetically modified species
Explanation: Genetically modified plants can be produced and cloned using tissue culture.
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12. Optimum pH for plant tissue culture medium is___________
(a) 7.5
(b) 8
(c) 5.7
(d) 8.5
Answer: (c) 5.7
Explanation: Most plant tissue cultures thrive at slightly acidic pH levels around 5.6–5.8.
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13. Callus is obtained during which time in tissue culture?
(a) 2 to 3 days
(b) 2 to 3 months
(c) 2 to 3 weeks
(d) 2 to 3 hours
Answer: (c) 2 to 3 weeks
Explanation: Callus formation generally occurs after 2–3 weeks of culturing the explant.
14. In plant tissue culture due to which process volume of the medium is decreased?
(a) To manage the 24°C temperature for the explant
(b) Due to air exchange
(c) Due to evaporation
(d) Rotates over in rotary shaker
Answer: (c) Due to evaporation
Explanation: Volume reduction in culture media often happens due to evaporation.
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15. At what temperature is tissue culture usually carried out?
(a) 02.4°C
(b) 0.24°C
(c) 24.0°C
(d) 240°C
Answer: (c) 24.0°C
Explanation: Plant tissue culture is generally performed at ~24°C for optimal growth.
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16. Through plant tissue culture growing the cell, tissue, and organ in the culture medium is called__________
(a) Totipotency
(b) Stored food
(c) Inter-specific hybridization
(d) Dormancy
Answer: (a) Totipotency
Explanation: Totipotency is the ability of a single plant cell to regenerate into a whole plant.
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17. The plant tissue or organ that produces callus by division is called ________
(a) Explant
(b) Selling
(c) Embryo
(d) Clone
Answer: (a) Explant
Explanation: An explant is the initial piece of tissue that can develop callus in culture.
18. Totipotency refers to___________
(a) Development of fruits from flowers in a culture
(b) Development of an organ from a cell in a culture medium
(c) Flowering in a culture medium
(d) All of the above
Answer: (b) Development of an organ from a cell in a culture medium
Explanation: Totipotency is the capacity of a plant cell to regenerate into a whole plant.
19. Which of the following plant cells shows totipotency?
(a) Cork cells
(b) Meristem
(c) Sieve tube
(d) Xylem vessels
Answer: (b) Meristem
Explanation: Meristematic cells are undifferentiated and possess totipotency.
20. Which of the following is the main application of embryo culture?
(a) Clonal propagation
(b) Production of embryoids
(c) Induction of somaclonal variations
(d) Overcoming hybridization barriers
Answer: (d) Overcoming hybridization barriers
Explanation: Embryo culture helps recover hybrids that normally abort due to incompatibility.
21. Which of the following is not properly matched?
(a) Explant – excised plant part used for callus formation
(b) Cytokinins – root initiation in callus
(c) Somatic embryo – embryo produced from a vegetative cell
(d) Callus – an undifferentiated mass of cells
Answer: (b) Cytokinins – root initiation in callus
Explanation: Cytokinins promote shoot formation, while auxins promote root initiation in callus.
22. Which of the following is NOT a plant growth hormone?
(a) Auxin
(b) Cytokinins
(c) Abscisic acid
(d) Polyphenols
Answer: (d) Polyphenols
Explanation: Polyphenols are secondary metabolites, not plant hormones.
23. In which of the following conditions do the somaclonal variations appear?
(a) Plants raised in tissue culture
(b) Plants exposed to gamma rays
(c) Plants growing in polluted soil or water
(d) Plants transferred by recombinant DNA technology
Answer: (a) Plants raised in tissue culture
Explanation: Somaclonal variation is a genetic variation that occurs in plants regenerated from tissue culture.
24. Haploid plants can be obtained from________.
(a) Anther culture
(b) Bud culture
(c) Leaf culture
(d) Root culture
Answer: (a) Anther culture
Explanation: Anther culture can produce haploid plants from microspores.
25. In plant tissue culture, the callus tissues are generated into a complete plantlet by altering the concentration of ________.
(a) Sugars
(b) Hormones
(c) Amino acids
(d) Vitamins and minerals
Answer: (b) Hormones
Explanation: The ratio of auxin to cytokinin regulates organogenesis and shoot/root development.
26. Which of the following mediums is composed of chemically defined compounds?
(a) Natural media
(b) Artificial media
(c) Synthetic media
(d) None of the above
Answer: (c) Synthetic media
Explanation: Synthetic media are composed entirely of known chemical components.
27. Which of the following chemicals are most widely used for protoplast fusion?
(a) Mannitol
(b) Polyethylene glycol
(c) Sorbitol
(d) Mannol
Answer: (b) Polyethylene glycol
Explanation: PEG is commonly used to induce fusion of protoplasts in somatic hybridization.
28. What are clones?
(a) Plants chemically identical to the original plant
(b) Plants morphologically identical to the original plant
(c) Plants anatomically identical to the original plant
(d) Plants genetically identical to the original plant
Answer: (d) Plants genetically identical to the original plant
Explanation: Clones are organisms derived from a single parent and are genetically identical.
29. Which of the following plant hormones controls fruit ripening?
(a) Ethylene
(b) Auxin
(c) Gibberellins
(d) Abscisic acid
Answer: (a) Ethylene
Explanation: Ethylene is a gaseous plant hormone involved in the ripening of fruits.
30. Somaclonal variation appears in_________
(a) Organisms produced through somatic hybridization
(b) Plants growing in highly polluted conditions
(c) Apomictic plants
(d) Tissue culture raised plants
Answer: (d) Tissue culture raised plants
Explanation: Variations arising during plant regeneration from tissue cultures are called somaclonal variations.
31. Solidifying agent used in plant tissue culture is__________
(a) Nicotinic acid
(b) Cobaltous chloride
(c) EDTA
(d) Agar
Answer: (d) Agar
Explanation: Agar is a natural polysaccharide used to solidify plant tissue culture media.
32. Which of the following is not an application of tissue culture?
(a) Rapid Clonal Propagation
(b) Somaclonal Variations
(c) Embryo rescue
(d) Transgenic plants
Answer: (c) Embryo rescue
Explanation: Embryo rescue is a breeding technique, not a direct application of tissue culture.
33. The time duration for the sterilization process by using an autoclave is ______ minutes and the temperature is_______
(a) 10 to 30 minutes and 125°C
(b) 15 to 30 minutes and 121°C
(c) 15 to 20 minutes and 125°C
(d) 10 to 20 minutes and 121°C
Answer: (b) 15 to 30 minutes and 121°C
Explanation: Standard autoclaving is performed at 121°C under 15 psi for 15–30 minutes.
34. Virus-free plants are developed from____________
(a) Organ culture
(b) Meristem culture
(c) Protoplast culture
(d) Cell suspension culture
Answer: (b) Meristem culture
Explanation: Meristems are generally virus-free, so culturing them helps in virus elimination.
35. Which of the following is not related to embryo culture?
(a) Growth of embryos on culture medium
(b) Developing seedlings
(c) Multiplication of rare plants
(d) Making virus-free plants
Answer: (d) Making virus-free plants
Explanation: Virus-free plants are produced by meristem culture, not embryo culture.
36. Cryopreservation means it is a process to preserve plant cells, tissues or organs_________
(a) at very low temperature by using ether
(b) at very high temperature by using liquid nitrogen
(c) at a very low temperature of -196°C by using liquid nitrogen
(d) at very low temperature by using liquid nitrogen
Answer: (c) at a very low temperature of -196°C by using liquid nitrogen
Explanation: Cryopreservation stores biological samples at -196°C using liquid nitrogen.
37. Which one of the following statements about tissue culture is wrong?
(a) The method of profusing thousands of plants through tissue culture is called micro-propagation.
(b) The capacity to generate a whole plant from any cell/explant is called totipotency.
(c) By tissue culture, it is not possible to achieve propagation of a large number of plants in a very short duration.
(d) Many important food plants like tomatoes, bananas, apples, etc., have been produced on a commercial scale using micro-propagation.
Answer: (c) By tissue culture, it is not possible to achieve propagation of a large number of plants in a very short duration.
Explanation: Tissue culture allows rapid multiplication of plants in short time, so this statement is false.
38. Which of the following statements is correct?
(a) Agar is not extracted from marine algae such as seaweeds.
(b) Callus undergoes differentiation and produces somatic embryoids.
(c) Surface sterilization of explants is done by using mercuric bromide.
(d) The pH of the culture medium is 5.0 to 6.0
Answer: (d) The pH of the culture medium is 5.0 to 6.0
Explanation: Most plant tissue culture media are adjusted to a pH between 5.6 and 5.8.
39. During the differentiation of callus, when the value of cytokinin/auxin in the medium is high, the organ that induces differentiation is________
(a) Root
(b) Bud
(c) Leaf
(d) Embryoid body
Answer: (b) Bud
Explanation: A high cytokinin-to-auxin ratio promotes shoot or bud formation.
40. What may happen when a plant is propagated by plant tissue culture techniques?
(a) Genetic mutation
(b) Genetic recombination
(c) Homologous chromosome segregation
(d) Trait segregation
Answer: (a) Genetic mutation
Explanation: Somaclonal variations, which are mutations, may occur in tissue culture-raised plants.
41. Which of the following is not a characteristic of plant tissue culture?
(a) Rapid reproduction
(b) Cultivation of virus-resistant plants
(c) Generally do not change the genotype of the original plant
(d) Two processes of dedifferentiation and redifferentiation are required
Answer: (b) Cultivation of virus-resistant plants
Explanation: Tissue culture helps eliminate viruses but doesn’t make plants virus-resistant by nature.
42. Scientists isolated the cells of carrot phloem and cultured the isolated cells on the medium to obtain many complete plants. The characteristics of these plants are:
(a) Are very similar to each other
(b) The mutation frequency is very high
(c) Haploid
(d) Homozygous
Answer: (a) Are very similar to each other
Explanation: Since the plants are produced from a single parent, they are genetically identical.
43. Which of the following is not an application of plant tissue culture techniques?
(a) Cultivation of virus-free potato plants
(b) Cultivation of octoploid triticale
(c) Cultivation of cabbage-cabbage hybrid plants
(d) Production of “artificial seeds”
Answer: (b) Cultivation of octoploid triticale
Explanation: Octoploid triticale is developed by traditional breeding and chromosome doubling, not tissue culture.
44. Which of the following options does not use plant tissue culture techniques?
(a) Haploid plants were obtained by in vitro culture of anthers
(b) Polyploid plants are obtained by treating germinated seeds or seedlings with colchicine
(c) Extraction of antitumor drug paclitaxel from cultured Taxus Chinensis cells
(d) Breeding “Tomato-Potato” hybrid plants using cell engineering
Answer: (b) Polyploid plants are obtained by treating germinated seeds or seedlings with colchicine
Explanation: This is a chemical treatment method, not a tissue culture technique.
45. Which of the following statements about sterilization in plant tissue culture is false?
(a) Explants can be sterilized with alcohol
(b) Instruments such as tweezers need to be sterilized with alcohol
(c) Before the operation, hands need to be disinfected with alcohol
(d) The medium needs to be autoclaved
Answer: (b) Instruments such as tweezers need to be sterilized with alcohol
Explanation: Instruments are typically sterilized by autoclaving or flame, not just alcohol.
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