MH SET Life Science Evolution PYQ with Answers

MH SET Life Science Evolution PYQ with Answers

1. A phenomenon in which animals adapted to temperate regions have shorter and poorly developed ears, eyes, hair, and other phenotypic traits below__________ (MH SET-2020)
1) Bergmann Law
2) Allen’s Law
3) Cope’s Law
4) Dollos Law
Answer: 2) Allen’s Law
Explanation: Allen’s Law states that in a given taxonomic group, the size of extremities such as ears, eyes, and limbs tends to be smaller in colder climates and larger in warmer climates. This adaptation helps to regulate body temperature more effectively. For example, animals in colder climates have shorter ears and limbs to minimize heat loss. Therefore, the correct answer is 2) Allen’s Law.

2. During the evolutions of life, the first formed cells were______________ (MH SET-2019)
1) Photoautotrophs
2) Chemoautotrophs
3) Saprotrophs
4) Chemoheterotrophs
Answer: 4) Chemoheterotrophs
Explanation: During the early stages of life’s evolution, the first cells were likely chemoheterotrophs. Chemoheterotrophs obtain both energy and carbon from organic compounds. These primitive organisms likely relied on simple organic molecules available in their environment for sustenance and energy production. Thus, the correct answer is 4) Chemoheterotrophs.

3. Lamarck’s theory of organic evolution is popularly known as__________ (MH SET-2018)
1) Inheritance of Acquired Characters
2) Decents with Change
3) Continuity of Germplasm
4) Natural Selection
Answer: 1) Inheritance of Acquired Characters
Explanation: Lamarck’s theory of organic evolution is popularly known as the Inheritance of Acquired Characters. According to Lamarck, organisms can pass on traits acquired during their lifetime to their offspring. For instance, if a giraffe stretches its neck to reach higher leaves, its offspring will inherit the longer neck. However, this theory has been largely discredited in modern biology. Thus, the correct answer is 1) Inheritance of Acquired Characters.

4. A species inhabiting different geographical regions is known as___________ (MH SET-2018)
1) Sympatric
2) Allopatric
3) Siblings
4) Biospecies
Answer: 2) Allopatric
Explanation: A species inhabiting different geographical regions is known as Allopatric. Allopatric speciation occurs when populations of a species become geographically isolated from each other, leading to reproductive isolation and eventually the formation of distinct species. Therefore, the correct answer is 2) Allopatric.

5. When Speciation occurs due to a physical barrier that divides the continuous population into fragmented populations is termed as___________ (MH SET-2017)
1) Parapetric speciation
2) Peripatric speciation
3) Sympatric speciation
4) Allopatric speciation
Answer: 4) Allopatric speciation
Explanation: When speciation occurs due to a physical barrier that divides a continuous population into fragmented populations, it is termed Allopatric speciation. In this process, geographic isolation prevents gene flow between populations, allowing them to evolve independently and eventually become reproductively isolated. Thus, the correct answer is 4) Allopatric speciation.

6. First life on earth was_______ (MH SET-2016)
1) Cyanobacteria
2) Saprophytes
3) Chemoheterotrophs
4) Photoautotrophs
Answer: 3) Chemoheterotrophs
Explanation: The first life on Earth is believed to have been chemoheterotrophs. These organisms obtained energy by breaking down organic molecules in their environment and consumed organic compounds for carbon. They likely thrived in the anaerobic conditions of the early Earth. Thus, the correct answer is 3) Chemoheterotrophs.

7. Formation of new species without geographic isolation in presence of a barrier to gene flow is known as speciation___________(MH SET-2016)
1) Isopatric
2) Allopatric
3) Sympatric
4) Allelopathic
Answer: 3) Sympatric
Explanation: Formation of new species without geographic isolation, in the presence of a barrier to gene flow, is known as Sympatric speciation. In sympatric speciation, reproductive isolation occurs due to factors other than geographic barriers, such as polyploidy or ecological niche differentiation. Thus, the correct answer is 3) Sympatric.

8. Which of the following exhibits the most fit individual in an evolutionary sense_________(MH SET-2015)
1) A tiger who is successful at capturing prey but has no cubs
2) A tiger who has 10 cubs, eight of which live to adulthood
3) A tiger who overcomes a disease and lives to have 3 cubs
4) A tiger who shows parental care for his cubs but only 2 live to adulthood
Answer: 3) A tiger who overcomes a disease and lives to have 3 cubs
Explanation: The most fit individual in an evolutionary sense is the one who passes on its genes to the next generation most successfully. In this scenario, the tiger that overcomes a disease and lives to have 3 cubs exhibits the highest fitness because it not only survives but also contributes its genetic material to the next generation. Therefore, the correct answer is 3) A tiger who overcomes a disease and lives to have 3 cubs.

9. During evolution genetic drift occurs in_____________(MH SET-2013)
1) Mendelian population
2) Large population
3) Large population on island
4) Small population
Answer: 4) Small population
Explanation: During evolution, genetic drift occurs in small populations. Genetic drift refers to random changes in allele frequencies within a population due to chance events. In small populations, genetic drift can have a significant impact on allele frequencies, leading to genetic differentiation and potentially even the fixation of alleles. Thus, the correct answer is 4) Small population.

10. During the early stages of development, embryos of reptiles, birds, and mammals look very similar. This suggests that reptiles, birds and mammals __(MH SET-2013)
1) Have common ancestors
2) Live in the same environment
3) Have undergone parallel evolution
4) are no longer undergoing evolution
Answer: 1) Have common ancestors
Explanation: The similarity in the early stages of development among embryos of reptiles, birds, and mammals suggests that these groups have common ancestors. This similarity, often referred to as embryological homology, indicates shared evolutionary history and descent from a common ancestor. Thus, the correct answer is 1) Have common ancestors.

11. Which of the following statement is most likely to be true about two species______(MH SET-2011)
1) They occupy a different niche
2) They can never hybridize naturally
3) There Chromosome numbers differ
4) Their structural genes may show 25-50% sequence homology
Answer: 3) There Chromosome number differ
Explanation: When comparing two species, if their chromosome numbers differ, it is a strong indicator that they are distinct species. Chromosome number plays a significant role in reproductive isolation, as differences in chromosome number can lead to infertility or sterility in hybrids. Therefore, the correct answer is 3) Their chromosome numbers differ

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