Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 6 -Animal classification Exercise
Animal classification chapter 6 Textbook Solutions :
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Important points to Remember about Animal classification
- Carolous Linneaus :he classified living things into two kingdoms- Plantae and Animalia.
- Ernst Haeckel: He proposed the three kingdom classification – Plantae, Animalia and Protista.
- Robert Whitakker: He gave the five kingdom classification- Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia.
- Carl Woese has also proposed the animal classification
- In case of multicellular animals, many cells are lperforming different functions in their body while in unicellular animals, as their body is made up of single cell; all functions are performed by same cell only.
- Asymmetrical Body : In case of such body, there is no any such imaginary axis of the body through which we can get two equal halves. Ex. Amoeba, Paramoecium, some sponges.
- Radial symmetry : In this type of body, if imaginary cut passes through central axis but any plane of body, it gives two equal halves. Ex. Star fish. In case of this animal, there are five different planes passing through central axis of body through which we can get two equal halves.
- Bilateral symmetry: In this type of body, there is only one such imaginary axis of body through which we can get two equal halves. Ex. Insects, fishes, frog, birds, human, etc.
Identify me.
a. I am diploblastic & acoelomate.
Which phylum do I belong to?
Answer: I am from phyllum Cnidaria.
a. I am diploblastic & acoelomate.
Which phylum do I belong to?
Answer: I am from phyllum Cnidaria.
b. My body is radially symmetrical.
Water vascular system is present in
my body. I am referred as fish though
I am not. What is my name?
Water vascular system is present in
my body. I am referred as fish though
I am not. What is my name?
Answer: my name is starfish . i am from
phyllum Echinodermata
c. I live in your small intestine.
Pseudocoelom is present in my thread like body. In which phylum will you include me?
Answer: you included in phylum Aschelminthes and your name is Ascaris.
phyllum Echinodermata
c. I live in your small intestine.
Pseudocoelom is present in my thread like body. In which phylum will you include me?
Answer: you included in phylum Aschelminthes and your name is Ascaris.
d. Though I am multicellular, there are
no tissues in my body. What is the
name of my phylum?
Answer: name of my phylum is Porifera
no tissues in my body. What is the
name of my phylum?
Answer: name of my phylum is Porifera
2. Write the characters of each of the
following animals with the help of
classification chart.
Bath sponge, grasshopper, rohu,
penguin, frog, lizard, elephant, jellyfish.
following animals with the help of
classification chart.
Bath sponge, grasshopper, rohu,
penguin, frog, lizard, elephant, jellyfish.
Bath sponge
Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Sub-kingdom: Non-chordata
Phylum: Porifera
Kingdom: Animalia
Sub-kingdom: Non-chordata
Phylum: Porifera
Characters:
- Level of organisation- cellular level
- symmetry – asymmetrical
- Coelom- Absent
- Notochord- absent
These are aquatic animals. Most of them are marineand few are fresh water dwellers.Most of the animals have asymmetrical body. These animals have special types of cells- collar cells. These animals are always attached to substratum,
hence do not show locomotion. Hence, they are referred as sedentary animals. Their spongy body is supported by spicules or spongin fibres. Spicules are made up of calcium carbonate orsilica.These animals feed upon small organisms taken in
their body along with water.
grasshopper
Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Sub-kingdom: Non-chordata
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Characters:
Kingdom: Animalia
Sub-kingdom: Non-chordata
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Characters:
- Level of organization – organ system
- Symmetry- Bilateral
- Coleom- Coelomate
- Notochord- absent
Rohu
Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Pisces
Subclass: Teleostei
Characters:
Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Pisces
Subclass: Teleostei
Characters:
- Level of organization – organ system
- Symmetry- Bilateral
- Coleom – Coelomate
- Notochord- present
These are cold blooded (Poikilotherms) aquatic animals living in marine and fresh waters.Body is spindle shaped to minimize
water-resistance. They have paired & un-paired fins for swimming. Tail fin is useful as a steering organ during swimming. Exoskeleton is in the form of scales & endoskeleton is either cartilaginous or bony. Respiration occurs with gills.
penguin
Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Characters:
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Characters:
- Level of organization – organ system
- Symmetry- Bilateral
- Coleom – Coelomate
- Notochord- present
These vertebrates are completely adapted for aerial life. These are warm blooded (Homeotherms) i.e. they can maintain their body temperature constant. Their body is spindle-shaped to minimize air resistance during flight. Forelimbs are modified into wings. Digits are covered with scales and bear claws. Exoskeleton is present in the form of feathers. Neck is present between head and trunk. Jaws are modified into beak.
frog
Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Characters:
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Characters:
- Level of organization – organ system
- Symmetry- Bilateral
- Coleom – Coelomate
- Notochord- present
These animals are strictly aquatic during
larval life and perform only aquatic respiration whereas they can live in water as well as on land during adult life and can perform aquatic as well as aerial respiration. They have two pairs of appendages. Digits are without claws Exoskeleton is absent. Skin is without
any derivative and usually kept moist for
respiration. External ear is absent but tympanum is present.Neck is absent. Eyes are prominent with eye lids.
lizard
Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Characters:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Characters:
- Level of organization – organ system
- Symmetry- Bilateral
- Coleom – Coelomate
- Notochord- present
According to the course of animal evolution, these are first true terrestrial animals with creeping movement. These are cold blooded (poikilotherms)
animals.They creep on the land as their body cannot be lifted up. Their skin is dry and scaly. Neck is present between head & trunk. External ear is absent. Digits are provided with claws.
Elephant
Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Characters:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Characters:
- Level of organization – organ system
- Symmetry- Bilateral
- Coleom – Coelomate
- Notochord- present
These animals are warm blooded. Body is divided into head, neck, trunk and tail. Digits are provided with nails, claws, or
hooves. Exoskeleton is in the form of hairs or fur.
jellyfish
Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Sub-kingdom: Non-chordata
Phylum: Cnidaria or Coelenterata
Characters:
Kingdom: Animalia
Sub-kingdom: Non-chordata
Phylum: Cnidaria or Coelenterata
Characters:
- Level of organization – tissue system
- Symmetry- radial
- Coleom – absent
- Notochord- absent
3. Write in brief about progressive
changes in animal classification.
Answer:
changes in animal classification.
Answer:
- Greek philosopher Aristotle was the first to perform the animal classification. Aristotle classified the animals according to the criteria like body size, habits and habitats.
- Further, as per the new Classification proposed by Aristotle is known as ‘Artificial method’.
- artificial method of classification was followed by Theophrastus, Pliny, John Ray, Linnaeus, etc. Later on,
- Natural system of classification’ was followed. Natural system of classification was based on various criteria like body organization, types of cells, chromosomes, bio-chemical properties, etc.
- Carolous Linneaus :he classified living things into two kingdoms- Plantae and Animalia.
- Ernst Haeckel: He proposed the three kingdom classification – Plantae, Animalia and Protista.
- Robert Whitakker: He gave the five kingdom classification- Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia.
- Carl Woese has also proposed the animal classification
4.What is the exact difference between
grades of organization and symmetry?
explain win examples.
Answer:
Grades of organization :
- In case of multicellular animals, many cells are lperforming different functions in their body while in unicellular animals, as their body is made up of single cell; all functions are performed by same cell only.
- Body organization of unicellular animals is referred as ‘Protoplasmic grade’ organization.
- In case of multicellular animals, if tissues are not formed, their body organization is called as ‘Cellular grade organization’. Ex. Phylum-Porifera.
- In case of some animals, cells come together to form tissues with the help of which all the body functions are performed. Such animals show ‘Cell – tissue grade’ organization. Ex. Animals from phylum- Cnidaria.Flat worms show ‘Tissue-Organ grade’ organization
- Remaining all animals show ‘Organ-system grade organization’ in which different organs are joined together to form organ-system that performs specific functions. Ex. Crab, Frog, Human, etc.
Symmetry :In imaginary sense, if body of any animal is cut through imaginary axis of body, it may or may not produce two equal halves. Depending upon this property, there are different types of animal bodies.
- Asymmetrical Body : In case of such body, there is no any such imaginary axis of the body through which we can get two equal halves. Ex. Amoeba, Paramoecium, some sponges.
- Radial symmetry : In this type of body, if imaginary cut passes through central axis but any plane of body, it gives two equal halves. Ex. Star fish. In case of this animal, there are five different planes passing through central axis of body through which we can get two equal halves.
- Bilateral symmetry: In this type of body, there is only one such imaginary axis of body through which we can get two equal halves. Ex. Insects, fishes, frog, birds, human, etc.
5. Answer in brief.
a. Give scientific classification of shark
upto class.
Answer: scientific classification of shark:
a. Give scientific classification of shark
upto class.
Answer: scientific classification of shark:
Kingdom- Animalia
Phylum- Chordata
Sub- phylum- Vertebrata
Class- Pisces
Phylum- Chordata
Sub- phylum- Vertebrata
Class- Pisces
b. Write four distinguishing characters
of phylum- Echinodermata.
Answer:
of phylum- Echinodermata.
Answer:
- Calcareous spines are present on the body of these animals; hence they are called as echinoderms.
- These animals are found only in ocean.
- Their body is triploblastic, eucoelomate. And it is radially symmetrical in adult stage. However, they show bilateral symmetry in larval stage.
- They perform locomotion with the help of tube-feet. Tube feet are also useful for capturing the prey. Some animals are sedentary.
c. Distinguish between butterfly and
bat with the help of four distinguishing properties.
Answer:
bat with the help of four distinguishing properties.
Answer:
| Bat | Butterfly |
|---|---|
| They are included in phylum mamalian . | They are included in phylum arthopods. |
| Body is divided in head, neck, trunck and fur. | These animal have jointed appendages. |
| Exoskeleton is in the form of hairs or fur. | Butterfly shows chitinous exoskeleton is presen their body. |
| Bat active at night. | Butterfly active during day. |
d. To which phylum does Cockroach
belong? Justify your answer with
scientific reasons.
Answer: Cockroach belong to phylun arthropods . It show following Characters:
belong? Justify your answer with
scientific reasons.
Answer: Cockroach belong to phylun arthropods . It show following Characters:
- These animals have jointed appendages. Hence they are called as arthropods.
- Planet Earth has highest number of animals from this phylum. Hence, this is largest phylum with highly successful animals in animal kingdom.
- These animals are found in all types of habitats ranging from deepest oceans to highest mountains.
- Body of these animals is triploblastic, eucoelomate, bilaterally symmetrical and segmented.
- Chitinous exoskeleton is present around their body.
6. Give scientific reasons.
a.Though tortoise lives on land as well as in water, it cannot be included in
class- Amphibia.
Answer: Tortoise are classified under the class reptilia and not the class Amphibia as it has the following character:
1. The body is covered with scales.
2. These animals are strictly aquatic during
larval life and perform only aquatic respiration whereas they can live in water as well as on land during adult life and can perform aquatic as well as aerial respiration.
3. They do not lay eggs in water.
4. Their eggs are surrounded by hard shells and not by gelatinous coverings.
These features make tortoises reptiles and not amphibians.
b. Our body irritates if it comes in
contact with jelly fish.
Answer: Jellyfish belongs to the phylum Cnidaria. Cnidoblasts tentacles are present around the mouth. These tentacles are useful for capturing the prey whereas cnidoblasts inject the toxin in the body of prey. Those are useful for protection too. When its contact with the human skin it causes irritation.
contact with jelly fish.
Answer: Jellyfish belongs to the phylum Cnidaria. Cnidoblasts tentacles are present around the mouth. These tentacles are useful for capturing the prey whereas cnidoblasts inject the toxin in the body of prey. Those are useful for protection too. When its contact with the human skin it causes irritation.
c. All vertebrates are chordates but all
chordates are not vertebrates.
Answer: Notochord present in of all chordates. The members of sub-phylum- Vertebrata possess notochord during the embryonic stage. But in adults the notochord is replaced by a cartilaginous or bony vertebral column. Whereas in member of other Sub-phyla of Chordata the notochord remain as such. But some chrodate’s like Urochordata and cephalochordata do not possess vertebral column and hence they are not vertebrates.
chordates are not vertebrates.
Answer: Notochord present in of all chordates. The members of sub-phylum- Vertebrata possess notochord during the embryonic stage. But in adults the notochord is replaced by a cartilaginous or bony vertebral column. Whereas in member of other Sub-phyla of Chordata the notochord remain as such. But some chrodate’s like Urochordata and cephalochordata do not possess vertebral column and hence they are not vertebrates.
d. Balanoglossus is connecting link
between non-chordates & chordates.
Answer: Balanoglossus is the connecting link between chordates and non-chordates Because notochord and pharyngeal characteristics are found in Balanoglossus. These characteristics are common to chordates. Dorsal heart is found in non-chordates. Balanoglossus also bears a dorsal heart. That’s why Balanoglossus have some characteristics of chordates as well as non-chordates. Hence it is the connecting link between chordates and non-chordates.
between non-chordates & chordates.
Answer: Balanoglossus is the connecting link between chordates and non-chordates Because notochord and pharyngeal characteristics are found in Balanoglossus. These characteristics are common to chordates. Dorsal heart is found in non-chordates. Balanoglossus also bears a dorsal heart. That’s why Balanoglossus have some characteristics of chordates as well as non-chordates. Hence it is the connecting link between chordates and non-chordates.
e. Body temperature of reptiles in not
constant.
Answer: Body temperature of reptiles in not constant because Reptiles are cold blooded animals. Cold-blooded animals do not maintain a constant body temperature. They get their heat from the outside environment, so their body temperature fluctuates, based on external temperatures.
constant.
Answer: Body temperature of reptiles in not constant because Reptiles are cold blooded animals. Cold-blooded animals do not maintain a constant body temperature. They get their heat from the outside environment, so their body temperature fluctuates, based on external temperatures.
7. Answer the following questions by
choosing correct option.
a. Which special cells are present in
the body of sponges (Porifera)?
1. Collar cells. 2. Cnidoblasts.
3. Germ cells. 4. Ectodermal cells.
Answer: 1. Collar cells
b. Which of the following animals’
body shows bilateral symmetry?
1. Star fish. 2. Jelly fish.
3. Earthworm. 4. Sponge.
Answer: 3. Earthworm
c. Which of the following animals can
regenerate it’s broken body part?
1. Cockroach. 2. Frog.
3. Sparrow. 4. Star fish.
Answer: 4. Star fish
regenerate it’s broken body part?
1. Cockroach. 2. Frog.
3. Sparrow. 4. Star fish.
Answer: 4. Star fish
d. Bat is included in which class?
1. Amphibia. 2. Reptilia.
3. Aves. 4. Mammalia.
Answer: 4. Mammalia
1. Amphibia. 2. Reptilia.
3. Aves. 4. Mammalia.
Answer: 4. Mammalia
8. Complete the following chart.
Answer:
9. Complete the following chart.
Answer:
10. Sketch, labell and classify
Hydra, Jellyfish, Planaria, Round worm, Butterfly, Earthworm, Octopus, Star fish, Shark, Frog, Wall lizard, Pigeon.
Hydra, Jellyfish, Planaria, Round worm, Butterfly, Earthworm, Octopus, Star fish, Shark, Frog, Wall lizard, Pigeon.
Hydra
Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Division: Non-chordata
Phylum: Coelenterata
Example: Hydra
Kingdom: Animalia
Division: Non-chordata
Phylum: Coelenterata
Example: Hydra
Jellyfish
Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Division: Non-chordata
Phylum: Coelenterata
Example: Jellyfish
Planaria
Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Division: Non-chordata
Phylum: Platyhelminthes
Example: Planaria
Round worm
Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Division: Non-Chordata
Phylum: Aschelminthes
Example: Roundworm
Kingdom: Animalia
Division: Non-Chordata
Phylum: Aschelminthes
Example: Roundworm
Butterfly
Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Division: Non-chordata
Phylum: Arthopoda
Class: Insecta
Example: Butterfly
Earthworm
Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Division: Non-chordata
Phylum: Annelida
Example: Earthworm
Octopus
Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Division: Non-chordata
Phylum: Mollusca
Example: Octopus
Kingdom: Animalia
Division: Non-chordata
Phylum: Mollusca
Example: Octopus
Star fish
Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Division: Non-chordata
Phylum: Echinodermata
Example: Star fish
Kingdom: Animalia
Division: Non-chordata
Phylum: Echinodermata
Example: Star fish
Shark
Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Sub Phylum: Vertebrata
Class: Pisces
Example: Scoliodon (Shark)
Frog
Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Sub Phylum: Vertebrata
Class: Amphibia
Example: Frog
Wall lizard
Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Sub Phylum: Vertebrata
Class: Reptilia
Example: Wall Lizard
Pigeon
Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Sub-Phylum: Vertebrata
Class: Aves
Example: Pigeon
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Sub-Phylum: Vertebrata
Class: Aves
Example: Pigeon
11. Lable the following.
Answer:
1. Jellyfish
2. Nereis
3. Planaria
4. Shark