Cell Biology Questions and Answers Download Pdf
Cytology or Cell Biology is the branch of Biology that studies cells. The word cell biology derives from the Greek ketos, cell, and logos, study.
Cytology focuses on the study of cells, covering their structure and metabolism. The birth of cytology and the invention of the microscope are related facts.
In 1663, Robert Hooke cut a piece of cork and observed it under a microscope.
He noticed that there were compartments, which he called cells. Here in this article, we discussed top cell biology questions and answers.
100+ Simple Cell Biology Questions and Answers PDF
Q1. What does the cell theory say and who proposed it?
Answer: The Cell Theory is essential to understand the Cell. Cell theory was proposed by Matthias Schleiden (1804-1881) and Theodor Schwann (1810-1882). Schleiden and Schwann’s cell theory points out a common feature for all living things: All living things are composed of cells. All living things originate from cells. The cells do not arise spontaneously but come from previous ones. Absolutely all vital functions revolve around cells or their immediate contact. The cell is the physiological unit of life.
Q2. What is a cell?
Answer: A cell is the smallest (elementary) unit of structure, functioning, and development of living organisms, capable of self-reproduction. The cells of all living organisms are similar in composition, structure, and life processes. Cells are formed by dividing the original parent cell.
Q3. What types of microscopes do you know?
Answer: Optical & electronic Microscope.
Q4. Which have a nuclear membrane and which do not? Give examples.
Answer: In eukaryotes (have a nuclear membrane eg animals, plants, protozoa ) and prokaryotes (eg bacteria).
Q5. What are the main parts of a eukaryotic cell?
Answer: All Cell organelles like Nucleus, cytoplasm & plasma membrane
Q6. What does the plasma membrane consist of?
Answer: It consists of proteins and lipids
Q7. What is the role of the plasma membrane?
Answer: It surrounds, separates, and individualizes the cell from its environment. Controls the substances that enter and leave it.
Q8. What is the role of the nucleus?
Answer: The nucleus is the “control center” of the cell. There is the genetic material (DNA) in which the information about all the characteristics of the cell (structural and functional) is recorded.
Q9. What is the significance of nuclear membranes?
Answer: The nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane (nuclear) with openings (pores), through which molecules are exchanged between the nucleus and the rest of the cell.
Q10. What is cytoplasm?
Answer: The space between the plasma membrane and the nucleus is occupied by the cytoplasm. In the cytoplasm, there are various organelles, which perform the various functions of the cell.
Q11. Which organelles are found in the cytoplasm?
Answer: Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, lysosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria, chloroplasts
Q12. What types of endoplasmic reticulum do you know and what is the main difference between them?
Answer: In the electron microscope we distinguish two forms of endoplasmic reticulum, the Rough and smooth. On the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, there are small formations, the ribosomes, which give it a rough (rough) appearance. The ribosomes are composed of proteins and RNA. In them the synthesis of proteins takes place. Ribosomes are also present freely in the cytoplasm. The continuation of the coarse is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, in which there are no ribosomes. Its function is related to the synthesis of lipids and the storage of various proteins.
Q13. Where are ribosomes located, what is their role and what do they consist of?
Answer: They are located on the surface of the coarse endoplasmic reticulum and in the cytoplasm. The ribosomes are composed of proteins and RNA. In them the synthesis of proteins takes place.
Q14. What is the role of the Golgi complex?
Answer: This Golgi complex consists of a set of parallel flattened sacs in which the proteins, after their synthesis, are modified and take their final form.
Q15. What is the role of lysosomes?
Answer: They contain active enzymes, which contribute to the breakdown of substances, e.g. proteins, but also microorganisms, such as, for example, the various microbes that infect our body.
Q16. What is the role of vacuoles?
Answer: They are stores of nutrients for the plant cell and occupy most of it.
Q17. When are digestive cavities formed?
Answer: They are formed when food particles or microorganisms enter the animal cell which will then be used or destroyed.
Q18. What is the role of the mitochondria?
Answer: Their role is to provide energy, which is necessary for cell functions. The necessary energy is released by the breakdown of chemicals that occurs during cellular respiration. This process is done with the help of special enzymes that are present inside the mitochondria.