Nucleic Acid MCQ with Answers Pdf:

What is Nucleic Acid?

• Nucleic acids are macromolecules composed of nucleotides and are the functional molecules with the largest molecular weight in cells, including DNA and RNA. 
• Its main function is the storage, transmission, and expression of genetic information.
• Generally, there are two types of nucleic acid DNA and RNA.
• Most organisms have DNA as genetic material while in viruses RNA act as genetic material. 
• Nucleic acid macromolecules composed of small molecules of nucleotide units have certain molecular configurations
• Each nucleotide molecule is composed of nitrogenous bases, deoxyribose sugars, and phosphates.
• The four bases that makeup DNA nucleic acid are guanine (G), cytosine (C), thymine (T), and adenine (A). 
• Nucleic acids are insoluble in alcohol and can be precipitated with ethanol or isopropanol. 
• Every cell in the human body contains two kinds of nucleic acids, DNA and RNA. 
• DNA is the genetic blueprint for the production of proteins and other substances to sustain life, and RNA is indispensable in the expression of gene information, protein production, and regulation of gene expression.
• Therefore, nucleic acid, which is the raw material of DNA and RNA, is naturally very important to ensure the normal functioning of cells

Multiple Choice Questions on Nucleic Acid: 

1. The basic unit of nucleic acid is_________

A. Nucleotides

B. deoxynucleotides

C. ribonucleotides

D. Five elements C, H, O, N, P

Answer: A

2. Deoxyribonucleic acid hydrolysis yields_______

A. amino acid

B. Nucleotides

C. Glucose

D. fatty acid

Answer: B

3. What is the difference between deoxynucleotides and ribonucleotides? 

A. five-carbon sugar

B. Phosphate molecule

C. Nitrogenous bases

D. Elemental composition

Answer: A

4. Which of the following functions are related to nucleic acids_______

A. Catalysis and regulation

B. exercise

C. transporting substances

D. stores genetic information

Answer: D

5. Which of the following statements about nucleic acids is correct_______

A. The five-carbon sugars in DNA and RNA are the same

B. Different types of elements make up DNA and ATP

C. The genetic information of the T2 phage is stored in RNA

D. The number of purines in a double-stranded DNA molecule is equal to the number of pyrimidines

Answer: D

6. Which of the following are not the components of RNA?

A. Thymine

B. Adenine

C. Guanine

D. Cytosine

Answer: A

7. Which of the following statements is correct_______

A. The genetic material of all living things is a protein

B. The genetic material of living things is DNA

C. The genetic material of organisms is RNA

D. DNA is the main genetic material

Answer: D

8. The main genetic material of organisms, the main carrier of genetic material, and the main location of eukaryotic genetic material are:

A. DNA, nucleus, cytoplasm

B. Nucleic acids, chromosomes, nucleus

C. DNA, chromosomes, cytoplasm

D. DNA, chromosomes, nucleus

Answer: D

9. Nucleic acid is a substance that carries genetic information in cells. The following comparison of the characteristics of DNA and RNA is correct.

A. The major sites present in the cell are the same

B. The five-carbon sugars are different

C. Different ways of connecting nucleotides

D. same bases

Answer: B

10. Which of the following substances or structures contains thymine “T”

A. DNA 

B. Tobacco mosaic virus

C. RNA

D. All of these 

Answer: A

11. Which of the following statements is not true about RNA?

A. Does not have a double-stranded structure

B. Thymine is present

C. Does not obey Chargaff’s rule

D. The sugar contained in RNA is a ribose

Answer: B

12. Which of the following statements is not a physiological function of nucleic acids______

A. As a carrier of genetic information, it exists in every cell

B. It is the genetic material of an organism

C. It is the main undertaker of life activities of living organisms　

D. It plays an extremely important role in the genetic variation of organisms and the biosynthesis of proteins

Answer: C

13. Which statement about DNA and RNA is true______

A. Genetic information exists only in DNA molecules

B. The bases that make up the two are not identical

C. In cells, DNA is present in the nucleus and RNA is present in the cytoplasm

D. The DNA of all organisms has the same sequence of deoxynucleotides

Answer: B

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