MCQ on Cell Biology Pdf
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Important Points to Remember about Cell Biology
- Cell biology define as it is the study of cell structure and function.
- George Emil Palade is considered the father of cell biology. He was the one who first used the electron microscope. With the help of an electron microscope, he discovered the ribosomes and the activity of the secretory proteins. He was also known for the study of cell fractionation
- Cell is discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665 in Bark of Plants. There are two types of Cell: Prokarytotic Cell and Eukaryotic Cell.
- All cells are made from the same major classes of organic molecules: nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.
- They provide structure and support, facilitate growth through mitosis, allow passive and active transport, produce energy, create metabolic reactions and aid in reproduction.
MCQ on Cell Biology Pdf
1. Growth of cell wall during cell elongation takes place by___________
(a) Apposition
(b) Intussusception
(c) Both a & b
(d) Superposition
Answer: (c) Both a & b
Explanation: Cell wall grows by both apposition (layer-by-layer addition) and intussusception (insertion within existing wall).
2. Cell Membrane is composed of_____________
(a) Proteins and cellulose
(b) Proteins and phospholipid
(c) Proteins and carbohydrates
(d) Proteins, phospholipids, and some carbohydrates
Answer: (d) Proteins, phospholipids, and some carbohydrates
Explanation: The plasma membrane is a mosaic of proteins and lipids, with attached carbohydrates on the outer surface.
3. Plasma membrane is fluid-structure due to the presence of_____________
(a) Carbohydrates
(b) Lipid
(c) Glycoprotein
(d) Polysaccharide
Answer: (b) Lipid
Explanation: The lipid bilayer provides the fluid nature of the membrane allowing lateral mobility.
4. Cell wall is present in_____________
(a) Plant cell
(b) Prokaryotic cell
(c) Algal cell
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d) All of the above
Explanation: All these types of cells have a rigid cell wall outside the plasma membrane.
5. Plasma membrane is_______________
(a) Selectively permeable
(b) Permeable
(c) Impermeable
(d) Semipermeable
Answer: (a) Selectively permeable
Explanation: It regulates entry and exit of substances, allowing selective permeability.
6. Mitochondrial DNA is______________
(a) Naked
(b) Circular
(c) Double-stranded
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d) All of the above
Explanation: Mitochondrial DNA is circular, double-stranded, and lacks histones (naked).
7. Lysosomes are not helpful in______________
(a) Osteogenesis
(b) Cellular digestion
(c) Metamorphosis
(d) Lipogenesis
Answer: (c) Metamorphosis
Explanation: Metamorphosis is regulated hormonally, not directly by lysosomal action.
8. Which of the following set of organelles contain DNA?
(a) Mitochondria, Peroxisome
(b) Plasma membrane, Ribosome
(c) Mitochondria, Chloroplast
(d) Chloroplast, Dictyosome
Answer: (c) Mitochondria, Chloroplast
Explanation: Both are semi-autonomous organelles with their own DNA.
9. What is true about ribosomes?
(a) These are found only in eukaryotic cells
(b) These are self-splicing introns of the same RNAs
(c) The prokaryotic ribosomes are 80S
(d) These are composed of ribonucleic acid and proteins
Answer: (d) These are composed of ribonucleic acid and proteins
Explanation: Ribosomes consist of rRNA and proteins, performing protein synthesis.
10. The important site for the formation of glycoproteins and glycolipids is_____________
(a) Vacuoles
(b) Plastids
(c) Lysosome
(d) Golgi apparatus
Answer: (d) Golgi apparatus
Explanation: Golgi modifies and packages proteins and lipids into glycoproteins/glycolipids.
11. Peptide synthesis inside a cell takes place in____________
(a) Chloroplast
(b) Chromoplast
(c) Ribosomes
(d) Mitochondria
Answer: (c) Ribosomes
Explanation: Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis from amino acids.
12. Plasma membrane consists mainly of________
(a) Protein embedded in a phospholipid bilayer
(b) Protein embedded in a polymer of glucose molecules
(c) Proteins embedded in a carbohydrate bilayer
(d) Phospholipids embedded in protein bilayer
Answer: (a) Protein embedded in a phospholipid bilayer
Explanation: The plasma membrane is composed of phospholipids with interspersed proteins.
13. The main arena of various types of activities of cells is__________
(a) Plasma membrane
(b) Nucleus
(c) Cytoplasm
(d) Mitochondrion
Answer: (c) Cytoplasm
Explanation: Cytoplasm is the site for most metabolic and biochemical activities in the cell.
14. The solid linear cytoskeletal elements having a diameter of 6nm and made up of a single type of monomer are known as___________
(a) Microfilaments
(b) Intermediate filaments
(c) Lamins
(d) Microtubules
Answer: (a) Microfilaments
Explanation: Microfilaments are made of actin and are the thinnest cytoskeletal fibers.
15. The osmotic expansion of cells kept in water is chiefly regulated by___________
(a) Mitochondria
(b) Vacuoles
(c) Plastids
(d) Ribosomes
Answer: (b) Vacuoles
Explanation: Vacuoles help maintain osmotic balance and turgor pressure.
16. Golgi body is absent in______________
(a) Prokaryotes
(b) Mature mammalian RBC
(c) Akaryotes
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d) All of the above
Explanation: These cells lack a Golgi apparatus due to absence of complex intracellular structures.
17. Who discovered the cell in 1665?
(a) Robert Hooke
(b) Robert Crook
(c) David Thomson
(d) Marie Francois
Answer: (a) Robert Hooke
Explanation: He observed cork cells using a primitive microscope and coined the term “cell”.
18. Which cell organelle is absent in animal cells and present in plant cells?
(a) Cell wall
(b) Cytoplasm
(c) Vacuoles
(d) Mitochondria
Answer: (a) Cell wall
Explanation: Only plant cells and some prokaryotes possess a rigid cell wall.
19. Name the outermost boundary of the cell?
(a) Plasma membrane
(b) Cytoplasm
(c) Nuclear membrane
(d) None of the above
Answer: (a) Plasma membrane
Explanation: It is the first boundary separating the internal cell from the external environment.
20. Which of the following is true for nucleolus?
(a) It takes part in spindle formation
(b) It is a membrane-bound structure
(c) Larger nucleoli are present in dividing cells
(d) It is a site for active ribosomal RNA synthesis
Answer: (d) It is a site for active ribosomal RNA synthesis
Explanation: The nucleolus is where rRNA is synthesized and ribosome assembly begins.
21. Select the incorrect match
(a) Submetacentric – L-shaped Chromosomes
(b) Allosomes – Sex chromosomes
(c) Lampbrush – Diplotene bivalents
(d) Polytene – Oocytes of amphibians
Answer: (d) Polytene – Oocytes of amphibians
Explanation: Polytene chromosomes are found in salivary glands of Dipteran insects, not amphibian oocytes.
22. Which one of the following cell organelles is enclosed by a single membrane?
(a) Nucleus
(b) Mitochondria
(c) Chloroplasts
(d) Lysosomes
Answer: (d) Lysosomes
Explanation: Lysosomes are membrane-bound vesicles containing hydrolytic enzymes and are surrounded by a single membrane.
23. Which of the following structures is not found in a prokaryotic cell?
(a) Plasma membrane
(b) Nuclear envelope
(c) Ribosome
(d) Mesosome
Answer: (b) Nuclear envelope
Explanation: Prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus and nuclear envelope.
24. Cellular organelles with membranes are________
(a) Lysosomes, Golgi apparatus, and mitochondria
(b) Nuclei, ribosomes, and mitochondria
(c) Chromosomes, ribosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum
(d) Endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, and nuclei
Answer: (a) Lysosomes, Golgi apparatus, and mitochondria
Explanation: These are membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotic cells.
25. Middle lamella is composed of_______
(a) Calcium pectate
(b) Phosphoglycerides
(c) Muramic acid
(d) Hemicellulose
Answer: (a) Calcium pectate
Explanation: Middle lamella is the cementing layer between plant cells and is made of calcium pectate.
26. Cytoskeleton is made up of_________
(a) Cellulose deposits
(b) Cellulose microfibrils
(c) Proteinaceous filaments
(d) Calcium carbonate granules
Answer: (c) Proteinaceous filaments
Explanation: The cytoskeleton consists of microfilaments and microtubules made of proteins.
27. What is true of membrane lipids and proteins?
(a) None can flip-flop
(b) Both can flip-flop
(c) Proteins can flip-flop but lipids cannot
(d) Lipids can flip-flop but proteins cannot
Answer: (d) Lipids can flip-flop but proteins cannot
Explanation: Lipid molecules can occasionally flip from one leaflet to the other; proteins rarely do due to hydrophobic constraints.
28. Vacuole in a plant cell_________
(a) Lacks membrane, contains water and excretory substances
(b) Is membrane-bound, contains water and excretory substances
(c) Is membrane-bound, and contains storage proteins and lipids
(d) Lacks membrane and contains air
Answer: (b) Is membrane-bound, contains water and excretory substances
Explanation: Plant vacuole is surrounded by a membrane called tonoplast and stores water, salts, and waste products.
29. Polysome is formed by___________
(a) Ribosomes attached in a linear arrangement
(b) Several ribosomes attached to a single mRNA
(c) Many ribosomes attached to a strand of endoplasmic reticulum
(d) A ribosome with several subunits
Answer: (b) Several ribosomes attached to a single mRNA
Explanation: A polysome enhances translation efficiency by producing many copies of a protein simultaneously.
30. Protein synthesis in an animal cell occurs_________
(a) Only on the ribosomes present in the cytosol
(b) On ribosomes present in the cytoplasm as well as in mitochondria
(c) Only on ribosomes attached to the nuclear envelope and endoplasmic reticulum
(d) On ribosomes present in the nucleus as well as in the cytoplasm
Answer: (b) On ribosomes present in the cytoplasm as well as in mitochondria
Explanation: Mitochondria have their own ribosomes; protein synthesis occurs both in cytosolic and mitochondrial ribosomes.
31. In chloroplast, chlorophyll is present in_______
(a) Inner membrane
(b) Thylakoid membrane
(c) Outer membrane
(d) Stroma
Answer: (b) Thylakoid membrane
Explanation: Chlorophyll pigments are embedded in the thylakoid membrane, crucial for photosynthesis.
32. _____________ is involved in the synthesis of phospholipids.
(a) Mitochondria
(b) Cytoplasm
(c) Endoplasmic Reticulum
(d) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Answer: (d) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Explanation: SER is involved in lipid metabolism including synthesis of phospholipids.
33. Which of the following sentence is not correct about the organelles?
(a) They are found in all Eukaryotic cells
(b) They are found in multicellular organisms
(c) They coordinate to produce the cell
(d) They are small-sized and mostly internal
Answer: (a) They are found in all Eukaryotic cells
Explanation: Mature RBCs (a eukaryotic cell) lack organelles like mitochondria and nucleus.
34. Which of the following cell organelles is called the powerhouse of the cell?
(a) Nucleus
(b) Lysosomes
(c) Chloroplast
(d) Mitochondria
Answer: (d) Mitochondria
Explanation: Mitochondria produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation, hence known as the powerhouse.
35. The jelly-like substance present inside the cell is known as________
(a) Cytoplasm
(b) Ectoplasm
(c) Nucleoplasm
(d) None of the above
Answer: (a) Cytoplasm
Explanation: It includes the fluid matrix (cytosol) and all organelles except the nucleus.
36. Which of the following statements is true about cell theory?
(a) The Cell theory does not apply to fungi
(b) The Cell theory does not apply to virus
(c) The Cell theory does not apply to algae
(d) The Cell theory does not apply to microbes
Answer: (b) The Cell theory does not apply to virus
Explanation: Viruses are acellular and do not exhibit all characteristics of living cells.
37. Blue-green algae are:
(a) Prokaryotes
(b) Eukaryotes
(c) Both a) and b)
(d) Neither a) nor b)
Answer: (a) Prokaryotes
Explanation: Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are photosynthetic prokaryotes.
38. Which of the following statements is true about the nucleus?
(a) It is absent in prokaryotes
(b) It is called the brain of the cell
(c) It contains DNA and other genetic materials
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d) All of the above
Explanation: All these are correct statements about the nucleus in eukaryotic cells.
39. Chromatophores take part in________
(a) Photosynthesis
(b) Movement
(c) Breathing
(d) Growth
Answer: (a) Photosynthesis
Explanation: Chromatophores are pigment-containing structures involved in photosynthesis in bacteria.
40. The structure that helps some bacteria to attach to rocks and host tissues is________
(a) Holdfast
(b) Rhizoids
(c) Fimbriae
(d) Mesosomes
Answer: (c) Fimbriae
Explanation: Fimbriae are hair-like appendages used for adhesion to surfaces.
41. Select the mismatch:
(a) Gas vacuoles – Green bacteria
(b) Large central vacuoles – Animal cells
(c) Protists – Eukaryotes
(d) Methanogens – Prokaryotes
Answer: (b) Large central vacuoles – Animal cells
Explanation: Large central vacuoles are characteristic of plant cells, not animal cells.
42. Water-soluble pigments found in plant cell_________
(a) Anthocyanins
(b) Chlorophylls
(c) Xanthophylls
(d) Carotenoids
Answer: (a) Anthocyanins
Explanation: Anthocyanins are water-soluble pigments responsible for red, blue, and purple colors.
43. Mitochondria and chloroplast are________
(a) Semi-autonomous organelles
(b) Formed by the division of pre-existing organelles and they contain DNA but lack protein-synthesizing machinery
Which one of the following options is correct?
(a) Both (a) and (b) are false
(b) Both (a) and (b) are correct
(c) (b) is true but (a) is false
(d) (a) is true but (b) is false
Answer: (d) (a) is true but (b) is false
Explanation: They contain both DNA and protein-synthesizing machinery, making (b) incorrect.
44. The Golgi complex participates in_________
(a) Respiration in bacteria
(b) Formation of secretory vesicles
(c) Fatty acid breakdown
(d) Activation of amino acid
Answer: (b) Formation of secretory vesicles
Explanation: The Golgi apparatus modifies and packages proteins into vesicles for secretion.
45. The membrane around the vacuole is known as__________
(a) Tonoplast
(b) Elaioplast
(c) Cytoplast
(d) Amyloplast
Answer: (a) Tonoplast
Explanation: Tonoplast is the membrane enclosing the vacuole in plant cells.
46. _____________ is the study of the cell, its types, structure, functions, and its organelles.
(a) Cell Biology
(b) Biology
(c) Microbiology
(d) Biotechnology
Answer: (a) Cell Biology
Explanation: Cell biology deals with the structure and function of cells and organelles.
47. Microfilaments are composed of a protein called____________
(a) Tubulin
(b) Actin
(c) Myosin
(d) Chitin
Answer: (b) Actin
Explanation: Microfilaments are made up of actin and help in cellular movement and shape maintenance.
48. Which of the following events does not occur in rough endoplasmic reticulum?
(a) Cleavage of signal peptide
(b) Protein glycosylation
(c) DNA Synthesis
(d) Phospholipid synthesis
Answer: (d) Phospholipid synthesis
Explanation: Phospholipid synthesis occurs in the smooth ER, not rough ER.
49. Many ribosomes may associate with a single mRNA to form multiple copies of a polypeptide simultaneously. Such strings of ribosomes are termed as__________
(a) Plastidome
(b) Polyhedral bodies
(c) Nucleosome
(d) Polysome
Answer: (d) Polysome
Explanation: Polysomes are clusters of ribosomes translating a single mRNA simultaneously.
50. Which one of the following is not a constituent of the cell membrane?
(a) Glycolipids
(b) Phospholipids
(c) Proline
(d) Cholesterol
Answer: (c) Proline
Explanation: Proline is an amino acid, not a major component of membranes.
51. The main organelle involved in the modification and routing of newly synthesized proteins to their destination is_________
(a) Mitochondria
(b) Endoplasmic reticulum
(c) Lysosome
(d) Chloroplast
Answer: (b) Endoplasmic reticulum
Explanation: The rough ER modifies and transports proteins synthesized by ribosomes.