20+ Bioremediation MCQ with Answers

Hello Students, how are you all hope you all will be good, in this Page we have shared with you more than 20 Important MCQ on Bioremediation class 12 with answers which is helpful for various entrance exams preparation. This Bioremediation Mcq pdf will help you enhance your performance in entrance exams like NEET and JEE. mcq on Bioremediation Biology is important chapter for Class 10, 11 and class 12 Students.

Bioremediation MCQs questions and answers are provided here with answers and detailed explanation each question. These Bioremediation MCQs are important from the NEET as well as various type of exam like UPSC, MPSC. By practicing our Mcq on Bioremediation class 12 pdf students will get acquainted with the key concepts which must be prepared to score high marks in the objective type questions in the any exam.

20+Bioremediation MCQs with Answers

1. The bioremediation process involving the usage of plants to degrade pollutants is ______
A) Composting
B) Biopile
C) Phytoremediation
D) Land farming
Answer: C) Phytoremediation
Explanation: Phytoremediation is a bioremediation process that uses plants to absorb, accumulate, and detoxify pollutants from soil and water. It is particularly effective for heavy metals, pesticides, and hydrocarbons. Composting and land farming involve organic waste breakdown, while biopile is a soil treatment technique.

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2. Which of the following is not an indigenous microbe used for bioremediation?
A) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
B) Piscirickettsia salmonis
C) Phanerochaete sordida
D) E. coli
Answer: B) Piscirickettsia salmonis
Explanation: Piscirickettsia salmonis is a fish pathogen and not commonly used in bioremediation. On the other hand, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli, and Phanerochaete sordida are known for their roles in biodegradation of pollutants

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3. Bioaugmentation involves ______
A) eliminating sludge
B) plants usage for bioremediation
C) addition of microbes to a cleanup site
D) bioventing
Answer: C) addition of microbes to a cleanup site
Explanation: Bioaugmentation is the process of introducing specific strains of microbes to enhance the breakdown of contaminants in a polluted environment. It differs from bioventing or phytoremediation, which use oxygen or plants, respectively.

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4. Which cleanup approach includes removal of groundwater or soil from its natural setting to permit for bioremediation?
A) Bioaugmentation
B) in situ bioremediation
C) ex situ bioremediation
D) Phytoremediation
Answer: C) ex situ bioremediation
Explanation: Ex situ bioremediation involves physically removing contaminated soil or water for treatment elsewhere, unlike in situ methods that treat contaminants on site.

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5. Ananda Chakraborty received the first U.S. patent for a GM entity. The entity was ______
A) The GloFish
B) a transgenic mouse expressing the growth hormone gene
C) Cloned E.Coli
D) Pseudomonas engineered to degrade petroleum
Answer: D) Pseudomonas engineered to degrade petroleum
Explanation: Ananda Chakrabarty developed genetically engineered Pseudomonas bacteria capable of breaking down multiple hydrocarbons in oil. This was the first genetically modified organism to be patented in the U.S.

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6. In-situ based bioremediation involves introducing __________________ to contaminated areas.
A) Oxygen and nutrients
B) Carbon dioxide and methane
C) Nitrogen and CO2
D) CO and methane
Answer: A) Oxygen and nutrients
Explanation: In-situ bioremediation enhances microbial activity by adding oxygen and nutrients directly to the contaminated site, allowing native microbes to degrade pollutants efficiently.

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7. Which of the following major technique is not employed during in-situ bioremediation?
A) Biosparging
B) Bioventing
C) Injection recovery
D) Bio-luminescence
Answer: D) Bio-luminescence
Explanation: Biosparging, bioventing, and injection recovery are methods used in in-situ bioremediation. Bio-luminescence, however, is not a remediation technique but rather a method used in biosensing or detecting pollutants.

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8. Which of the following is used in biodegradation of xenobiotics?
A) Enzymes
B) Chemicals
C) Physical sorting
D) PAHs
Answer: A) Enzymes
Explanation: Enzymes produced by microbes break down xenobiotics (foreign chemical substances) into less toxic forms. PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) are themselves pollutants that require degradation.

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9. During which stage of wastewater treatment are methanogenic microbes most important?
A) Primary treatment
B) Sludge digestion
C) Biological oxidation
D) Secondary treatment
Answer: B) Sludge digestion
Explanation: Methanogenic microbes play a key role during anaerobic sludge digestion, converting organic waste into methane and carbon dioxide under oxygen-free conditions.

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10. A process using microbes to convert toxic industrial wastes to less toxic or non-toxic compounds is ______
A) Precipitation
B) Complement fixation
C) Bioconversion
D) Bioremediation
Answer: D) Bioremediation
Explanation: Bioremediation involves using living organisms, primarily microbes, to detoxify contaminated environments by converting harmful compounds into non-toxic ones.

11. Which bacterium can withstand the dosage of radiation, which are several times higher than what human cells can tolerate?
A) Escherichia coli
B) Conus magus
C) Deinococcus radiodurans
D) Staphylococcus aureus
Answer: C) Deinococcus radiodurans
Explanation: Deinococcus radiodurans is one of the most radiation-resistant organisms known. It can survive extreme radiation, desiccation, and other environmental stressors due to its highly efficient DNA repair systems.

12. To increase the speed and efficiency of Soil banking method ___________ is used.
A) Engineered biopiling
B) Soil slurry bioreactors
C) Land farming
D) Bio-sparging
Answer: A) Engineered biopiling
Explanation: Engineered biopiling accelerates soil bioremediation by optimizing aeration, moisture, and nutrient levels, making the process faster and more efficient.

13. What is the preferable range of temperature for bioremediation by soil microorganisms?
A) 0-50 °C
B) 50-60 °C
C) 80-100 °C
D) 120-150 °C
Answer: A) 0-50 °C
Explanation: Most soil microbes involved in bioremediation are mesophilic and function best between 0–50 °C. Higher temperatures may denature enzymes or kill beneficial microbes.

14. Which of the following type of soil is suitable for soil remediation?
A) Peaty Soil
B) Sandy soil
C) Less or no organic content soil
D) Soil with gravels
Answer: A) Peaty Soil
Explanation: Peaty soil is rich in organic matter and moisture, which supports microbial growth and activity—key for effective bioremediation.

15. Which of the following treatment options is not suitable for areas where contaminants don’t cause a potential harm to human health and the environment?
A) Natural attenuation
B) Passive remediation
C) Bio attenuation
D) Live attenuated
Answer: D) Live attenuated
Explanation: “Live attenuated” refers to weakened viruses used in vaccines and has no role in environmental remediation, unlike natural attenuation or bioattenuation.

16. What is the use of Bioremediation?
A) microbes to create new organisms
B) anaerobic bacteria to create new antibiotics
C) microbes to destroy environmental pollutants
D) aerobic bacteria to create new vaccines
Answer: C) microbes to destroy environmental pollutants
Explanation: Bioremediation employs naturally occurring or engineered microbes to break down and eliminate environmental contaminants like oil, pesticides, and heavy metals.

17. Which of the following compounds gets accumulated as a result of degradation by anaerobic microorganisms?
A) Liquid Nitrogen
B) Crude oil
C) Oxygen
D) Nitrogen
Answer: B) Crude oil
Explanation: Anaerobic microbes often degrade hydrocarbons incompletely, leading to the accumulation of intermediate compounds such as crude oil fractions.

18. _____________ technique is usually done within the earthwork banking that has been constructed.
A) Land farming
B) Bio sparging
C) Bio-accumulation
D) Bio-degradation
Answer: A) Land farming
Explanation: Land farming is an ex situ treatment method where contaminated soils are excavated and spread over a prepared bed, usually within constructed earthwork for controlled treatment.

19. Which of the following process is not involved in the pretreatment stage of land farming?
A) Soil excavation
B) Soil screening
C) Storage
D) Bio-magnification
Answer: D) Bio-magnification
Explanation: Bio-magnification refers to the increase in pollutant concentration along the food chain, not a process used in land farming pretreatment, which includes excavation, screening, and storage.

20. In Soil slurry reactor, the slurry is thickened and dewatered using __________
A) Clarifiers
B) Biosparging
C) Bio-accumulation
D) Bio-degradation
Answer: A) Clarifiers
Explanation: Clarifiers are used in soil slurry reactors to separate solids from the liquid phase, enabling effective dewatering and thickening of the slurry for further treatment.