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General knowledge is key for success in any competitive exams. It increases general knowledge and is used in our daily life also. In this Article we are sharing important 1000+ GK Questions for NDA on Current Affairs, Science, chemistry, Physics, History, and Geography in English. These NDA GK Questions are curated by reffering current syllabus and by reading many books and other resources to help you for your competitive exams like NDA, NEET , UPSC, MHT CET .
Physics GK for NDA Chemistry GK for NDA General Science GK for NDA Current Affairs GK for NDA Geography GK for NDA Earth and Its Structure, Rocks and Minerals, Mountains, Rivers and Lakes Climate and Weather, Soil Types in India, Natural Vegetation, Agriculture and Industries Important Sea Ports and Airports, Latitudes and Longitudes, and Time Zones Earthquakes and Volcanoes, Oceans and Continents, and Population and Urbanization History GK for NDA Read Also: General knowledge refers to the knowledge related to science for competitive exams. These Physics GK for NDA increases knowledge and prepare you in our daily life and is very useful for our life. Below we are sharing some most important Physics GK for NDA in English. These Physics General Knowledge which has been curated to help you for preparation competitive exams with the help of many books and other resources. you can also read First in India GK Questions and Answers
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Question Answer 1. What are the three main states of matter? Solid, Liquid, Gas 2. What is the property of matter that allows it to occupy space and have mass? Volume and Mass 3. Which state of matter has a fixed shape and volume? Solid 4. What state of matter has no fixed shape but a definite volume? Liquid 5. What is the process of gas changing into liquid called? Condensation 6. Which state of matter has particles with the highest kinetic energy? Gas 7. What is the boiling point of water at standard atmospheric pressure? 100°C 8. What is sublimation? Direct change from solid to gas without becoming liquid 9. Name one substance that undergoes sublimation. Camphor 10. What is the SI unit of pressure? Pascal (Pa) 11. What is motion? Change in position of an object with time 12. What is uniform motion? Motion with constant speed in a straight line 13. What is the SI unit of speed? Metre per second (m/s) 14. What is acceleration? Rate of change of velocity 15. What is the SI unit of acceleration? Metre per second squared (m/s²) 16. What is Newton’s First Law of Motion also called? Law of Inertia 17. State Newton’s First Law. An object remains in its state of rest or uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force 18. What is Newton’s Second Law of Motion? Force = Mass × Acceleration (F = ma) 19. What is the SI unit of force? Newton (N) 20. What is Newton’s Third Law of Motion? Every action has an equal and opposite reaction 21. What is momentum? Product of mass and velocity (p = mv) 22. What is the SI unit of momentum? kg·m/s 23. What is the force that opposes motion between two surfaces? Friction 24. Why do objects fall to the ground? Due to gravity 25. What is the acceleration due to gravity on Earth? 9.8 m/s²
Question Answer 1. What is force? A push or pull acting on an object 2. What is the SI unit of force? Newton (N) 3. Which force pulls objects toward the Earth? Gravitational force 4. What is the universal law of gravitation given by Newton? F = G × (m₁m₂) / r² 5. What is the value of gravitational acceleration on Earth? 9.8 m/s² 6. What is work in physics? Work = Force × Displacement × cosθ 7. What is the SI unit of work? Joule (J) 8. When is work said to be negative? When the force and displacement are in opposite directions 9. What is energy? The capacity to do work 10. What are the two main forms of mechanical energy? Kinetic energy and Potential energy 11. What is the formula for kinetic energy? ½mv² 12. What is power? Rate of doing work 13. What is the SI unit of power? Watt (W) 14. What is the commercial unit of energy? Kilowatt-hour (kWh) 15. What is sound? A form of energy that travels in waves and is heard by our ears 16. What type of wave is a sound wave? Longitudinal wave 17. What is the speed of sound in air at room temperature? 343 m/s 18. What is the unit of frequency? Hertz (Hz) 19. What is the range of audible sound for humans? 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz 20. What is heat? A form of energy that causes change in temperature 21. What is the SI unit of heat? Joule (J) 22. What is the first law of thermodynamics? Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another 23. What is reflection of light? Bouncing back of light from a surface 24. What is the angle of incidence equal to in reflection? Angle of reflection 25. What is refraction of light? Bending of light as it passes from one medium to another
Magnetism , and Electromagnetic InductionQuestion Answer 1. What is the speed of light in vacuum? 3 × 10⁸ m/s 2. What type of lens is used to correct myopia? Concave lens 3. What type of mirror is used in a vehicle’s rear-view mirror? Convex mirror 4. What is the unit of focal length? Metre (m) 5. What is the phenomenon of splitting of white light into its component colors? Dispersion 6. What is the angle between incident ray and reflected ray called? Angle of deviation 7. What is the law that governs reflection of light? Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection 8. What is static electricity? Electric charge at rest 9. What is the SI unit of electric charge? Coulomb (C) 10. Who discovered the concept of electric charge? William Gilbert 11. What is the device used to detect electric charge? Electroscope 12. What is current electricity? Flow of electric charge through a conductor 13. What is the SI unit of electric current? Ampere (A) 14. What is Ohm’s Law? V = IR (Voltage = Current × Resistance) 15. What is the unit of resistance? Ohm (Ω) 16. What is the flow of electrons in a closed circuit called? Electric current 17. What is a magnetic field? Region around a magnet where its force is experienced 18. What is the shape of the magnetic field lines around a straight conductor? Concentric circles 19. What happens when like magnetic poles are brought near each other? They repel 20. Which instrument shows direction using Earth’s magnetic field? Magnetic compass 21. What is electromagnetic induction ? Production of current by changing magnetic field 22. Who discovered electromagnetic induction? Michael Faraday 23. What is the device that works on the principle of electromagnetic induction? Electric generator 24. What is Lenz’s Law? The induced current opposes the change causing it 25. What is the function of a transformer? To increase or decrease AC voltage
Question Answer 1. What is the central part of an atom called? Nucleus 2. Who discovered the neutron? James Chadwick 3. What are isotopes? Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons 4. What is nuclear fission? Splitting of a heavy nucleus into two lighter nuclei 5. What is nuclear fusion? Combining of light nuclei to form a heavier nucleus 6. Which reaction powers the Sun? Nuclear fusion 7. What type of energy is released in nuclear reactions? Atomic energy 8. What is radioactive decay? Spontaneous emission of particles from unstable nuclei 9. What unit is used to measure radioactivity? Becquerel (Bq) 10. Who proposed the theory of relativity? Albert Einstein 11. What is Einstein’s mass-energy equivalence formula? E = mc² 12. What is the photoelectric effect? Emission of electrons from a metal surface when light shines on it 13. What is the speed of light in a vacuum? 3 × 10⁸ m/s 14. What is the SI unit of length? Metre (m) 15. What is used to measure very small lengths accurately? Vernier caliper 16. What is the SI unit of mass? Kilogram (kg) 17. What is the unit of time? Second (s) 18. What is the standard unit of temperature in SI? Kelvin (K) 19. What is a simple machine? A device that makes work easier 20. Name the six types of simple machines. Lever, Inclined plane, Wheel and axle, Pulley, Wedge, Screw 21. What is the mechanical advantage of a machine? Ratio of load to effort 22. What is an inclined plane? A flat surface set at an angle to lift objects easily 23. What type of lever is a seesaw? First-class lever 24. Which simple machine is used in elevators? Pulley 25. What is efficiency of a machine? (Useful work output / Total work input) × 100%
Question Answer 1. What are the three main states of matter? Solid, Liquid, Gas 2. What is the process of a solid directly changing into gas called? Sublimation 3. Which state of matter has a definite shape and volume? Solid 4. What is the boiling point of water at standard pressure? 100°C 5. What is matter made up of? Atoms and molecules 6. Who proposed the atomic theory? John Dalton 7. What are the three subatomic particles in an atom? Protons, Neutrons, Electrons 8. What is the charge on a proton? Positive (+1) 9. Which particle revolves around the nucleus of an atom? Electron 10. What is the center of an atom called? Nucleus 11. Who discovered the electron? J.J. Thomson 12. What type of bond involves sharing of electrons? Covalent bond 13. What type of bond involves transfer of electrons? Ionic bond 14. What is the chemical bond formed between metals and non-metals called? Ionic bond 15. What is a molecule made up of different elements called? Compound 16. What is an element? A substance made of only one kind of atom 17. Which element is the lightest? Hydrogen 18. What is a mixture? A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined 19. What is the difference between a compound and a mixture? Compound has fixed composition; mixture does not 20. Which method is used to separate a solid from a liquid? Filtration 21. What is the chemical formula of water? H₂O 22. What is the symbol for Sodium? Na 23. Which gas is used in balloons and is lighter than air? Helium 24. What is the atomic number of Carbon? 6 25. What is the full form of HCl? Hydrochloric Acid
Question Answer 1. What is a chemical reaction? A process in which one or more substances are converted into new substances 2. What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis? 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ 3. What type of reaction is 2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO? Combination reaction 4. What happens in a decomposition reaction? A compound breaks down into simpler substances 5. What is a balanced chemical equation? An equation with equal number of atoms of each element on both sides 6. What is an acid? A substance that donates hydrogen ions (H⁺) in solution 7. What is a base? A substance that donates hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in solution 8. What is the pH of a neutral solution? 7 9. Which acid is present in lemon? Citric acid 10. What is formed when an acid reacts with a base? Salt and water 11. Who gave the modern periodic law? Henry Moseley 12. How many periods are there in the modern periodic table? 7 13. What are groups in the periodic table? Vertical columns 14. What is the atomic number of oxygen? 8 15. What type of elements are found on the left side of the periodic table? Metals 16. What is the most reactive metal? Potassium (K) 17. Which non-metal is essential for respiration? Oxygen 18. Which metal is liquid at room temperature? Mercury 19. Which non-metal is used in the manufacture of fertilizers? Nitrogen 20. What is rust chemically known as? Hydrated iron(III) oxide (Fe₂O₃·xH₂O) 21. How many covalent bonds can carbon form? Four 22. What is the formula of methane? CH₄ 23. What is an allotrope of carbon used in pencils? Graphite 24. Which compound is commonly used as fuel and is a hydrocarbon? Petrol (mixture of hydrocarbons) 25. What are hydrocarbons? Compounds made of hydrogen and carbon only
Question Answer 1. What are fertilizers? Chemical substances used to enhance soil fertility 2. Name one nitrogen-rich fertilizer. Urea 3. Which fertilizer provides phosphorus to plants ? Superphosphate 4. Which element is present in potash fertilizer? Potassium 5. What is the full form of NPK in fertilizers? Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium 6. From what is petroleum derived? Dead remains of marine organisms buried under rocks 7. What is the primary component of natural gas? Methane (CH₄) 8. What is the process of separating crude oil into useful products called? Fractional distillation 9. Name the fuel used in LPG. Butane and Propane mixture 10. What is the name of the petroleum product used in jet engines? Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF) 11. What is the main cause of acid rain? Oxides of sulfur and nitrogen (SO₂ and NO₂) 12. Which gas causes depletion of the ozone layer? Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) 13. What is the chemical formula of ozone? O₃ 14. What is smog? Smoke + Fog (air pollutant mixture) 15. What is the main pollutant in automobile exhaust? Carbon monoxide (CO) 16. What is the greenhouse effect? Warming of Earth due to trapped infrared radiation 17. Name one greenhouse gas. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) 18. What is the name of the insecticide banned for its harmful effects? DDT 19. Which chemical is used for water purification? Chlorine 20. Which chemical is commonly used in household bleach? Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) 21. What is the main component of vinegar? Acetic acid 22. Which chemical is used in baking powder? Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) 23. What is the formula of common salt? Sodium chloride (NaCl) 24. Which chemical is present in toothpaste to prevent cavities? Fluoride compounds 25. What gas is used in soft drinks for fizz? Carbon dioxide (CO₂)
To be successful in the NDA exam, it is necessary to prepare in the right direction. Along with this, it is also important to know how to prepare so that we can achieve our goal in less time . In this article, such questions based on science have been given, which will give you an idea of what kind of questions are asked from general Science in NDA every year, and this will help you in preparing.
Today in this post, we have brought for you, Most important General Science GK for NDA. If you are preparing for NDA, this General Science NDA GK Questions and Answers is going to be very useful for your NDA Exam. Therefore, read the entire question and Answers carefully and keep it in mind.
Question Answer 1. What is the basic unit of life? Cell 2. Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell ? Mitochondria 3. Who is known as the father of modern biology ? Aristotle 4. Which gas is essential for photosynthesis? Carbon dioxide (CO₂) 5. What is the functional unit of the kidney? Nephron 6. Which vitamin is produced in the skin on exposure to sunlight? Vitamin D 7. What is the name of the green pigment in plants? Chlorophyll 8. Which part of the cell contains genetic material? Nucleus 9. What is the process by which plants prepare food? Photosynthesis 10. What type of blood cells help in fighting infections? White blood cells (WBCs) 11. Which organ in the human body is responsible for filtering blood? Kidney 12. What is the smallest bone in the human body? Stapes (in the ear) 13. Which disease is caused due to the deficiency of insulin? Diabetes 14. Which animal is known for changing its body color? Chameleon 15. Which macronutrient is the main source of energy ? Carbohydrates 16. What is the main function of red blood cells? Transport oxygen 17. What is the scientific study of heredity called? Genetics 18. Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination? Cerebellum 19. Which human gland is called the “master gland”? Pituitary gland 20. What is the largest organ in the human body? Skin 21. What is the basic structural and functional unit of nervous system? Neuron 22. Which kingdom do bacteria belong to? Monera 23. What is the name of the process by which a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells? Mitosis 24. Which blood group is known as the universal donor? O negative (O−) 25. What is the scientific name of humans? Homo sapiens
Question Answer 1. What is the main function of the digestive system? To break down food and absorb nutrients 2. Which organ is responsible for producing bile? Liver 3. Where does most digestion take place in the human body? Small intestine 4. What is the name of the muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach? Esophagus 5. Which enzyme is present in saliva to break down starch? Amylase 6. What is the function of the respiratory system? Exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) 7. What is the name of the tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs? Alveoli 8. What is the primary muscle involved in breathing? Diaphragm 9. What is the function of the epiglottis? Prevents food from entering the windpipe 10. Which gas do we exhale as a waste product of respiration? Carbon dioxide (CO₂) 11. What is the function of the circulatory system? Transport of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products 12. What is the main organ of the circulatory system? Heart 13. How many chambers are there in the human heart? Four 14. Which blood vessels carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart? Pulmonary veins 15. Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart? Arteries 16. Which type of blood cell is responsible for carrying oxygen? Red blood cells (RBCs) 17. What is the liquid component of blood called? Plasma 18. What is the name of the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle? Mitral valve (Bicuspid valve) 19. What is the normal resting heart rate for an adult? 60–100 beats per minute 20. What is the name of the largest artery in the human body? Aorta 21. Which digestive organ absorbs water and forms feces? Large intestine 22. What is the role of hemoglobin in blood? To carry oxygen 23. Which structure prevents food from entering the nasal cavity during swallowing? Uvula 24. What is the role of hydrochloric acid in the stomach? Helps digest food and kill bacteria 25. Which part of the brain controls the rate of breathing? Medulla oblongata
Question Answer 1. What is the process by which organisms produce offspring? Reproduction 2. What are the two main types of reproduction? Sexual and Asexual 3. What is the male reproductive cell called? Sperm 4. What is the female reproductive cell called? Ovum (Egg) 5. Where does fertilization usually occur in humans? Fallopian tube 6. What is the organ where a baby develops during pregnancy? Uterus 7. Which hormone regulates the female reproductive cycle? Estrogen and Progesterone 8. What is the process of release of an egg from the ovary called? Ovulation 9. What is the union of sperm and egg called? Fertilization 10. How many chromosomes are present in a human gamete? 23 chromosomes 11. What is the term for a fertilized egg? Zygote 12. What is the name of the organ that connects the fetus to the mother? Placenta 13. Which part of the male reproductive system stores sperm? Epididymis 14. Which gland adds fluid to the semen to nourish sperm? Seminal vesicle 15. What is the period of time when a woman can conceive called? Fertile window 16. What is the surgical method of birth control in males? Vasectomy 17. Which structure carries sperm from the testes to the urethra? Vas deferens 18. What is the term for giving birth to a baby? Parturition 19. What is the term for the onset of reproductive capability in humans? Puberty 20. Which hormone is primarily responsible for male secondary sexual characteristics? Testosterone 21. What is the outermost layer of the uterus called? Perimetrium 22. What is asexual reproduction? Reproduction without the fusion of gametes 23. Name one example of an organism that reproduces asexually. Amoeba 24. Which method of reproduction is observed in Hydra? Budding 25. What is the process of cell division in gamete formation? Meiosis
Question Answer 1. Who is known as the father of genetics? Gregor Mendel 2. What are the basic units of heredity? Genes 3. What is the study of heredity and variation called? Genetics 4. What are different forms of a gene called? Alleles 5. What is the physical appearance of an organism called? Phenotype 6. What is the genetic makeup of an organism called? Genotype 7. What is a dominant trait? A trait that expresses itself even in the presence of a recessive allele 8. What is a recessive trait? A trait that expresses only when both alleles are recessive 9. What are chromosomes made of? DNA and proteins 10. How many chromosomes are there in a normal human cell? 46 chromosomes 11. What is the number of chromosome pairs in humans? 23 pairs 12. What determines the sex of a child? Father’s sperm (X or Y chromosome) 13. What is the shape of the DNA molecule? Double helix 14. What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA? Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine 15. What base pairs with Adenine in DNA? Thymine 16. What is the process of copying DNA into RNA called? Transcription 17. What is the process of converting mRNA into protein called? Translation 18. What is mutation? A sudden change in a gene or chromosome 19. Which organelle contains genetic material? Nucleus 20. What is a karyotype? An image of all the chromosomes in a cell 21. What is a monohybrid cross? A genetic cross involving a single trait 22. What is a dihybrid cross? A genetic cross involving two traits 23. What is codominance? A condition where both alleles express equally 24. Which scientist discovered the structure of DNA and Replication ? Watson and Crick 25. What is a pedigree chart used for? Tracking inheritance of traits in a family
Question Answer 1. What are the main nutrients required by the human body? Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, Vitamins, Minerals, and Water 2. Which nutrient is the primary source of energy? Carbohydrates 3. Which nutrient helps in building and repairing body tissues? Proteins 4. Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting? Vitamin K 5. What mineral is necessary for healthy bones and teeth? Calcium 6. Which vitamin is synthesized in the skin by sunlight? Vitamin D 7. What deficiency causes night blindness? Vitamin A deficiency 8. What is the function of roughage in the diet? Aids in digestion and prevents constipation 9. Which mineral is essential for the formation of hemoglobin? Iron 10. What deficiency disease is caused by lack of Vitamin C? Scurvy 11. Which nutrient provides the most calories per gram? Fats 12. What is a balanced diet? A diet that contains all nutrients in proper proportion 13. Which vitamin is necessary for proper nerve function? Vitamin B12 14. What is the main function of water in the body? Regulates body temperature and transports nutrients 15. Which vitamin is important for vision and immune function? Vitamin A 16. What is malnutrition? A condition caused by lack or excess of nutrients 17. Which food group is rich in dietary fiber? Fruits and Vegetables 18. What causes goiter? Iodine deficiency 19. Which nutrient is stored in the liver and used during starvation? Glycogen (Carbohydrate reserve) 20. What is the function of enzymes in digestion? They help break down food into absorbable forms 21. What are essential amino acids? Amino acids that must be obtained through diet 22. What is BMI in relation to nutrition? Body Mass Index, a measure of body fat based on height and weight 23. Which food is a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids? Fish (especially fatty fish like salmon) 24. What is the main source of energy in a vegetarian diet? Cereals and Pulses 25. What nutrient is mainly obtained from meat, eggs, and dairy? Protein
Question Answer 1. What is a disease? An abnormal condition affecting the body’s normal function 2. What are the two main types of diseases? Communicable and Non-communicable 3. Which microorganism causes tuberculosis (TB)? Bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) 4. How is malaria transmitted? By the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquito 5. Which disease is caused by a virus and spreads through droplets? Influenza (Flu) 6. What is the causative agent of COVID-19? Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) 7. Which organ is primarily affected in hepatitis? Liver 8. What is the vector for dengue fever? Aedes mosquito 9. What is immunity? The body’s ability to resist disease 10. What are the two types of immunity? Innate and Acquired 11. What is a vaccine? A substance that stimulates immunity against a specific disease 12. Which vaccine is given to prevent tuberculosis? BCG vaccine 13. What is the function of antibodies? To identify and neutralize foreign substances 14. What is passive immunity? Immunity gained by receiving antibodies from another source 15. What is the term for a disease that spreads rapidly across countries? Pandemic 16. Which part of the body produces white blood cells? Bone marrow 17. Which vitamin helps in wound healing and boosts immunity? Vitamin C 18. What is the full form of AIDS? Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome 19. Which virus causes AIDS? HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) 20. What is the term for the disease spread through contaminated water? Waterborne disease 21. Name a disease caused by protozoa. Malaria 22. What is the role of T-lymphocytes in immunity? To destroy infected cells and coordinate immune response 23. What is the role of vaccination in public health? Prevention and control of infectious diseases 24. Which disease is prevented by the polio vaccine? Poliomyelitis (Polio) 25. What is quarantine? Isolation of infected individuals to prevent disease spread
Question Answer 1. What is ecology? The study of interactions between organisms and their environment 2. What is an ecosystem? A community of organisms interacting with each other and their environment 3. What is biodiversity? The variety of life forms in a particular habitat or on Earth 4. Which gas is primarily responsible for global warming? Carbon dioxide (CO₂) 5. What is deforestation? The removal of forests for non-forest use 6. What is a food chain? A sequence showing how energy is transferred from one organism to another 7. What is the role of producers in an ecosystem? To convert solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis 8. Name an example of a decomposer. Fungi or Bacteria 9. What is a biotic factor? A living component of the environment 10. What is an abiotic factor? A non-living component of the environment like temperature or water 11. What is the main cause of ozone layer depletion? Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) 12. What is the greenhouse effect? Warming of Earth’s surface due to trapped heat by greenhouse gases 13. What is the term for species that are at risk of extinction? Endangered species 14. What is conservation? The protection and preservation of natural resources and biodiversity 15. What is a pollutant? A substance that contaminates air, water, or soil 16. What is the term for the gradual increase in Earth’s temperature? Global warming 17. What is a sanctuary? A protected area where animals are kept safe from hunting 18. Name a major cause of soil erosion. Deforestation 19. What is an ecological pyramid? A graphical representation of energy or biomass in an ecosystem 20. Which is the largest reservoir of fresh water on Earth? Glaciers and ice caps 21. What is afforestation? Planting trees to create forests 22. What is eutrophication? Over-enrichment of water bodies with nutrients causing excessive algae growth 23. Name one biodiversity hotspot in India. Western Ghats 24. What is recycling? Reusing waste materials to make new products 25. What is a national park? A reserved area for the protection of wildlife and biodiversity
Question Answer 1. What is the branch of biology that deals with classification of organisms ? Taxonomy 2. What is the scientific name of human beings? Homo sapiens 3. What is the largest phylum in the animal kingdom? Arthropoda 4. Which kingdom includes both multicellular and unicellular organisms with chlorophyll? Plantae 5. What are the simplest animals without tissues called? Porifera (sponges) 6. Which plant group includes mosses and liverworts? Bryophyta 7. Which non-flowering plants reproduce by spores? Pteridophytes 8. What are flowering plants scientifically known as? Angiosperms 9. Which plant tissue is responsible for transport of water? Xylem 10. What are animals with a backbone called? Vertebrates 11. What is the main characteristic of mammals? Presence of mammary glands 12. Which class of vertebrates lays eggs in water and lives both on land and water? Amphibia 13. What is the function of phloem in plants? Transport of food (sugar) 14. Which invertebrate group includes earthworms and leeches? Annelida 15. What are cold-blooded animals called? Poikilotherms 16. Which phylum includes animals with radial symmetry and a water vascular system? Echinodermata 17. Which plant hormone is responsible for cell elongation? Auxin 18. What is the main difference between monocots and dicots? Number of cotyledons (one in monocots, two in dicots) 19. What type of root system is found in monocots? Fibrous root system 20. Which vertebrate class has scales and lays eggs on land? Reptilia 21. What is metamorphosis? A biological process involving a drastic change in body form 22. Which organ helps fish in buoyancy? Swim bladder 23. What are animals that eat only plants called? Herbivores 24. What is the phylum of jellyfish and corals? Cnidaria 25. Which type of plant shows both autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition? Insectivorous plants (e.g., Pitcher plant)
Question Answer 1. What is the basic structural and functional unit of life? Cell 2. Who discovered the cell? Robert Hooke 3. Which cell organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell? Mitochondria 4. What is the control center of the cell? Nucleus 5. What is the jelly-like substance inside the cell called? Cytoplasm 6. Which cell organelle is responsible for protein synthesis? Ribosomes 7. Which organelle helps in detoxification and lipid synthesis? Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) 8. Which organelle modifies, packages, and transports proteins? Golgi apparatus 9. What is the function of lysosomes? Digestion and breakdown of waste materials (suicide bags) 10. What is the outermost covering of a plant cell? Cell wall 11. What is the function of the cell membrane? Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell 12. Which organelle contains chlorophyll in plant cells? Chloroplast 13. What is the function of vacuoles in plant cells? Storage of water, nutrients, and waste 14. What are the small hair-like structures that help in movement? Cilia and Flagella 15. What are prokaryotic cells? Cells without a true nucleus 16. Give an example of a prokaryotic organism. Bacteria 17. What are eukaryotic cells? Cells with a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles 18. What is the function of the nucleus? Controls cell activities and contains genetic material 19. Which part of the cell helps in cell division in animal cells? Centrioles 20. What is the term for the fluid portion of the cytoplasm? Cytosol 21. Which organelle is semi-autonomous and has its own DNA? Mitochondria 22. What structure in plant cells stores starch? Leucoplast 23. What is plasmolysis? Shrinking of cytoplasm due to water loss 24. What is the function of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)? Protein synthesis and transport 25. What is the difference between plant and animal cells? Plant cells have cell wall and chloroplasts; animal cells do not
Question Answer 1. What is biotechnology? The use of living organisms or their components to develop useful products 2. Who is known as the father of modern biotechnology ? Károly Ereky 3. What is genetic engineering? Manipulating the DNA of organisms to create desired traits 4. What is recombinant DNA technology? Joining DNA from two different species in a laboratory 5. What is a plasmid? A small circular DNA molecule found in bacteria 6. Which enzyme is used to cut DNA at specific sites? Restriction enzyme (endonuclease) 7. What is PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) used for? Amplifying DNA segments 8. What is the full form of DNA? Deoxyribonucleic Acid 9. Which technique is used to separate DNA fragments? Gel electrophoresis 10. What is cloning? Creating genetically identical copies of an organism or gene 11. What is the first genetically modified crop? Flavr Savr tomato 12. What are transgenic organisms? Organisms that contain foreign genes 13. What is bioinformatics? Application of computer science in analyzing biological data 14. What is bioremediation? Using microbes to clean environmental pollutants 15. What is a genome? The complete set of genes or genetic material in an organism 16. What is the function of ligase enzyme in genetic engineering? Joins DNA fragments 17. Which bacteria is commonly used in genetic engineering? Escherichia coli (E. coli) 18. What is gene therapy? Treating diseases by correcting defective genes 19. What is fermentation? Conversion of sugars into alcohol or acids by microorganisms 20. Name one application of biotechnology in agriculture. Development of pest-resistant crops (e.g., Bt cotton) 21. What does Bt in Bt cotton stand for? Bacillus thuringiensis 22. What is ELISA test used for? Detection of proteins or antibodies in a sample 23. What is tissue culture? Growing cells or tissues in an artificial medium 24. What is a vector in biotechnology? A carrier used to transfer genes into a host cell 25. Name a career field involving biotechnology. Genetic engineering / Biomedical research
Question Answer 1. Who is the current President of India (as of 2025)? Droupadi Murmu 2. What is the capital of G20 2023 Summit held in India? New Delhi 3. Who is the current Secretary-General of the United Nations? António Guterres 4. Which country hosted the BRICS Summit 2023? South Africa 5. Which Indian city hosted the 2023 G20 summit? New Delhi 6. What is the theme of India’s G20 Presidency 2023? Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam – One Earth, One Family, One Future 7. Who is the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (as of 2025)? Rishi Sunak 8. What was the venue of COP28 Climate Summit 2023? Dubai, United Arab Emirates 9. Which Indian state became the first to implement the Uniform Civil Code (UCC)? Uttarakhand 10. Who won the Nobel Peace Prize 2023? Narges Mohammadi (Iran) 11. Which country became a full member of BRICS in 2024? Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Argentina 12. What is Chandrayaan-3 known for? India’s first successful soft landing on the Moon’s south pole 13. Which Indian city was declared the first UNESCO World Heritage City? Ahmedabad 14. What is the name of the mission launched by India for solar exploration? Aditya-L1 15. Which Indian female athlete won a gold medal in the Asian Games 2023? Parul Chaudhary (3000m steeplechase) 16. Who is the current Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) of India (as of 2025)? General Anil Chauhan 17. Where were the 2023 Asian Games held? Hangzhou, China 18. Which country launched the Artemis program for lunar missions? United States (NASA) 19. What is the name of the Indo-French naval exercise held in 2023? Varuna 20. Which Indian airport received the best airport award in South Asia 2023? Indira Gandhi International Airport, Delhi 21. What is India’s rank in the Global Hunger Index 2023? 111 out of 125 countries 22. What is the full form of QUAD in international relations? Quadrilateral Security Dialogue 23. Which two countries signed a historic peace deal in 2020 mediated by the US? Israel and UAE (Abraham Accords) 24. Who is the current Director General of WHO? Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus 25. Which Indian state will host the National Games 2025? Uttarakhand
Question Answer 1. What is the name of the India–Russia joint military exercise? INDRA 2. Which exercise is held annually between India and the USA? Yudh Abhyas 3. Which trilateral naval exercise involves India, Japan, and the USA? Malabar 4. What is the name of the India–France naval exercise? Varuna 5. Which exercise is conducted between the Indian Army and the UK Army? Ajeya Warrior 6. What is the name of the bilateral air exercise between India and the UAE? Desert Eagle 7. ‘Bongosagar’ is a joint exercise between India and which country? Bangladesh 8. What is the Quad group in defence diplomacy? India, USA, Japan, and Australia 9. What is the India–Sri Lanka joint military exercise called? Mitra Shakti 10. What does the acronym “SIMBEX” stand for? Singapore-India Maritime Bilateral Exercise 11. What is the objective of the PM-KISAN scheme? Income support to farmers 12. Which scheme provides insurance for poor households at ₹12/year? Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY) 13. What is the full form of Ayushman Bharat? National Health Protection Mission 14. What is the target group of the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana? Women from BPL households for LPG connections 15. Which scheme promotes skill development among youth? Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) 16. Which flagship program aims to achieve universal sanitation coverage? Swachh Bharat Abhiyan 17. What is the goal of the ‘Startup India’ scheme? Promote entrepreneurship and innovation 18. Which scheme ensures minimum support price to farmers through procurement? PM-AASHA (Annadata Aay Sanrakshan Abhiyan) 19. What is India’s highest civilian award? Bharat Ratna 20. What is India’s highest military decoration during wartime? Param Vir Chakra 21. Who was the first recipient of the Bharat Ratna? C. Rajagopalachari, Dr. Radhakrishnan, and C.V. Raman (1954) 22. Which award is given for exceptional service in peacetime by armed forces? Ashoka Chakra 23. Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2023 for attosecond laser pulses? Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz, and Anne L’Huillier 24. Who was awarded the 2023 Gandhi Peace Prize? Gita Press, Gorakhpur
Question Answer 1. Who is the current Prime Minister of India? Narendra Modi 2. Who is the first woman President of India? Pratibha Patil 3. Who was the Missile Man of India? Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam 4. Who is the current ISRO Chairman (2025)? S. Somanath 5. Who was the first Indian to receive the Nobel Prize? Rabindranath Tagore (Literature, 1913) 6. Who is the first Indian woman to go into space? Kalpana Chawla 7. Who is the current Chief Justice of India (2025)? D.Y. Chandrachud 8. Who was India’s first Chief of Defence Staff (CDS)? General Bipin Rawat 9. Who is known as the Iron Man of India? Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel 10. Who is the current External Affairs Minister of India? Dr. S. Jaishankar 11. What is the name of India’s first solar mission launched in 2023? Aditya-L1 12. Which Indian spacecraft successfully landed on the Moon’s south pole? Chandrayaan-3 13. What is the name of the reusable launch vehicle tested by ISRO in 2023? RLV-LEX 14. What does AI stand for in technology? Artificial Intelligence 15. What is the full form of DRDO? Defence Research and Development Organisation 16. Which company developed ChatGPT? OpenAI 17. What is the name of India’s 6G technology initiative launched in 2023? Bharat 6G Vision 18. What is the full form of DNA? Deoxyribonucleic Acid 19. Which Indian athlete won the gold medal in Javelin Throw at the 2023 World Athletics Championships? Neeraj Chopra 20. Who won the ICC Men’s Cricketer of the Year 2023? Virat Kohli 21. Who is the current captain of the Indian Men’s Cricket Team (2025)? Rohit Sharma 22. In which sport is PV Sindhu associated? Badminton 23. Where were the 2023 Asian Games held? Hangzhou, China 24. Who won the Ballon d’Or 2023? Lionel Messi 25. Which country won the ICC Men’s Cricket World Cup 2023? Australia
Question Answer 1. Who is the current Finance Minister of India (2025)? Nirmala Sitharaman 2. What is the full form of GDP? Gross Domestic Product 3. Which organisation calculates India’s GDP? Central Statistics Office (CSO) 4. What is India’s projected GDP growth rate for 2024–25 (by RBI)? Around 6.5% 5. What is the base year for calculating GDP in India (as of 2025)? 2011–12 6. Which Indian bank is the largest public sector bank? State Bank of India (SBI) 7. What does the term ‘fiscal deficit’ mean? Excess of government expenditure over its revenue 8. What is the full form of GST? Goods and Services Tax 9. Which tax is levied on income in India? Income Tax 10. What is the full form of RBI? Reserve Bank of India 11. What is the full form of SEBI? Securities and Exchange Board of India 12. What is India’s current inflation control mechanism called? Monetary Policy 13. What is the name of India’s digital currency launched by RBI? e₹ (Digital Rupee) 14. What is the full form of FDI? Foreign Direct Investment 15. What is the full form of NITI Aayog? National Institution for Transforming India 16. What is climate change? Long-term alteration in Earth’s climate patterns 17. Which gas is the most abundant greenhouse gas? Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) 18. What is the aim of the Paris Agreement? To limit global temperature rise below 2°C 19. What is India’s target year to achieve Net Zero carbon emissions? 2070 20. Which Indian initiative promotes renewable energy? National Solar Mission 21. What is the name of the Indian environmental law enacted in 1986? Environment Protection Act 22. Which organization releases the State of Global Climate Report? World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 23. What is afforestation? Planting trees in deforested or barren land 24. Which day is celebrated as World Environment Day? 5th June 25. What is the main cause of ozone layer depletion? Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Question Answer 1. What is the full form of ISRO? Indian Space Research Organisation 2. Who is the current chairman of ISRO (2025)? S. Somanath 3. What is the name of India’s third lunar mission? Chandrayaan-3 4. What is Aditya-L1 mission? India’s first solar observation mission 5. Where is the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre located? Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 6. What is the full form of DRDO? Defence Research and Development Organisation 7. Which DRDO missile is part of India’s ballistic missile defence system? Prithvi Air Defence (PAD) 8. What is the name of India’s anti-satellite missile test? Mission Shakti 9. What is the name of India’s light combat aircraft developed by DRDO? Tejas 10. What is the full form of PSLV? Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle 11. What is Gaganyaan mission? India’s first human spaceflight mission 12. What is the full form of UN? United Nations 13. Where is the headquarters of the United Nations? New York, USA 14. What is the primary goal of the United Nations? Maintain international peace and security 15. Who is the current Secretary-General of the UN? António Guterres 16. What is the full form of WHO? World Health Organization 17. Where is the headquarters of WHO located? Geneva, Switzerland 18. What is the function of WHO? International public health management 19. What is the full form of IMF? International Monetary Fund 20. Where is the IMF headquartered? Washington, D.C., USA 21. What does IMF mainly do? Provides financial assistance to member countries 22. What is the full form of the World Bank? International Bank for Reconstruction and Development 23. Where is the headquarters of the World Bank? Washington, D.C., USA 24. How many official languages are used by the United Nations? Six 25. Which organ of the UN is responsible for maintaining peace and security? UN Security Council
Question Answer 1. What is the shape of the Earth? Geoid (nearly spherical) 2. What are the three main layers of the Earth? Crust, Mantle, Core 3. Which layer of Earth is made up of solid rocks and forms the outermost part? Crust 4. What is the innermost layer of Earth called? Core 5. What is the main element found in the Earth’s core? Iron and Nickel 6. What are the three main types of rocks? Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic 7. Which rock is known as the “parent rock”? Igneous rock 8. Which type of rock is formed by cooling of lava? Igneous rock 9. What is the hardest known natural mineral? Diamond 10. Which sedimentary rock is used in making cement? Limestone 11. Which mountain range is the highest in the world? Himalayas 12. What is the highest peak in the world? Mount Everest (8,848.86 m) 13. What is the highest peak in India? K2 (Godwin Austen) 14. In which state is the Aravalli Range located? Rajasthan 15. Which mountain range separates Europe and Asia? Ural Mountains 16. What is the longest river in India? Ganga 17. Which is the longest river in the world? Nile 18. Which river is known as the “Sorrow of Bengal”? Damodar River 19. Which river originates from Amarkantak plateau? Narmada River 20. Which lake is the largest freshwater lake in India? Wular Lake 21. Which river flows through the Grand Canyon? Colorado River 22. Name the largest saltwater lake in India. Chilika Lake 23. Which river is known as Tsangpo in Tibet? Brahmaputra 24. Which is the longest river in South India? Godavari River 25. Where is the Lonar Lake located, formed by a meteor impact? Maharashtra
Question Answer 1. What is the average annual rainfall in India? About 120 cm 2. Which instrument is used to measure temperature? Thermometer 3. What is the difference between weather and climate? Weather is short-term; climate is long-term atmospheric conditions 4. What type of climate does India have? Tropical monsoon 5. Which wind causes rainfall in India during summer? Southwest monsoon 6. What is the name of the wind blowing from land to sea at night? Land breeze 7. Which part of India receives the highest rainfall? Mawsynram, Meghalaya 8. Which type of soil is most suitable for cotton cultivation? Black soil 9. What is the main mineral found in red soil? Iron 10. Which soil is most fertile and found in river plains? Alluvial soil 11. What is laterite soil rich in? Aluminium and Iron 12. What is the main feature of desert soil? Low moisture and organic content 13. Which forest type is found in areas with over 200 cm rainfall? Tropical evergreen forest 14. What is the natural vegetation of the Himalayas? Mountain forests 15. Which tree is commonly found in mangrove forests? Sundari tree 16. What is the percentage of forest cover in India (approx)? Around 21.7% 17. Which crop is known as the “king of cereals”? Wheat 18. Which state is the largest producer of rice in India? West Bengal 19. Which crop requires a cool climate and is grown in rabi season? Wheat 20. Which is the leading state in cotton production in India? Gujarat 21. What are the major types of farming in India? Subsistence, Commercial, Plantation, Shifting 22. Name a major agro-based industry in India. Textile industry 23. What is the largest public sector steel plant in India? Bhilai Steel Plant 24. Which city is known as the “Manchester of India”? Ahmedabad 25. What is the role of Green Revolution in India? Increase in agricultural production through technology
Question Answer 1. Which is the largest port in India by cargo handling? Jawaharlal Nehru Port (Nhava Sheva) 2. Where is the Visakhapatnam port located? Andhra Pradesh 3. Which is the oldest artificial port in India? Chennai Port 4. Name the major port located on the west coast of India in Gujarat. Kandla Port (Deendayal Port) 5. Which is the only major port located in Goa? Mormugao Port 6. Which port is also known as the ‘Gateway of Eastern India’? Kolkata Port 7. Where is Paradip Port located? Odisha 8. Which airport is the busiest in India by passenger traffic? Indira Gandhi International Airport, New Delhi 9. Where is Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport located? Mumbai, Maharashtra 10. Name the international airport located in Kerala. Cochin International Airport 11. Which Indian airport became the first to run completely on solar power? Cochin International Airport 12. Which international airport is located in Hyderabad? Rajiv Gandhi International Airport 13. What is the importance of the Tropic of Cancer in India? It passes through 8 Indian states 14. At what latitude is the Equator located? 0° latitude 15. What is the latitude of the Tropic of Capricorn? 23.5° South 16. What is the standard meridian of India? 82.5° East longitude 17. Through which Indian state does the standard meridian pass? Uttar Pradesh 18. What is the prime meridian? 0° longitude 19. How many degrees of longitude make one hour difference in time? 15 degrees 20. What is the time difference between IST and GMT? IST is 5 hours 30 minutes ahead of GMT 21. What is a time zone? A region that has the same standard time 22. How many time zones are there in the world? 24 23. What is the International Date Line? 180° longitude 24. Which country has the maximum number of time zones? France (including overseas territories) 25. Why is IST not exactly 5 hours from GMT? Because India’s standard meridian is at 82.5° E, not a full multiple of 15°
Question Answer 1. What is the point inside the Earth where an earthquake originates? Focus (Hypocenter) 2. What is the point on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus called? Epicenter 3. Which instrument is used to measure the strength of an earthquake? Seismograph 4. What scale is used to measure the magnitude of an earthquake? Richter Scale 5. What is the region around the Pacific Ocean prone to frequent earthquakes and volcanoes called? Ring of Fire 6. What are the three main types of volcanoes? Active, Dormant, Extinct 7. Which is the most active volcano in the world? Mauna Loa (Hawaii) 8. Name a volcanic mountain in India. Barren Island (Andaman & Nicobar Islands) 9. What causes earthquakes? Sudden movement of tectonic plates 10. Which seismic zone in India is considered most active? Zone V (e.g., Northeast India, Kashmir) 11. How many continents are there on Earth? Seven 12. Which is the largest continent by area? Asia 13. Which is the smallest continent? Australia 14. Which is the largest ocean in the world? Pacific Ocean 15. Which ocean lies between Africa and Australia? Indian Ocean 16. What separates Europe and Asia? Ural Mountains 17. Which ocean is known as the “coldest ocean”? Arctic Ocean 18. Which continent has the highest population density? Asia 19. Which country has the highest population in the world? India (as of 2023) 20. What is urbanization? Movement of people from rural to urban areas 21. Which Indian state has the highest population? Uttar Pradesh 22. What is the percentage of urban population in India (approx)? About 35% 23. What is a metropolitan city? A city with a population of over 1 million 24. Which Indian city is the most populated urban area? Mumbai 25. What is population density? Number of people per square kilometer
Question Answer 1. Who was the founder of the Maurya Empire? Chandragupta Maurya 2. Who wrote the Arthashastra? Kautilya (Chanakya) 3. During whose reign was the Ajanta Caves art developed? Gupta Empire 4. Who was the founder of the Mughal Empire in India? Babur 5. Which Mughal emperor built the Taj Mahal? Shah Jahan 6. What was the capital of Akbar’s empire? Fatehpur Sikri 7. Who was the last ruler of the Lodi dynasty? Ibrahim Lodi 8. When did the Battle of Plassey take place? 1757 9. Who was the Governor-General during the 1857 Revolt? Lord Canning 10. Who led the revolt of 1857 in Kanpur? Nana Sahib 11. Who was known as the “Heroine of 1857”? Rani Laxmi Bai of Jhansi 12. What was the immediate cause of the 1857 Revolt? Use of greased cartridges 13. In which year was the Indian National Congress founded? 1885 14. Who was the first president of the Indian National Congress? W.C. Bonnerjee 15. Who is called the Grand Old Man of India? Dadabhai Naoroji 16. What was the objective of the Swadeshi Movement? Boycott of British goods and promotion of Indian goods 17. In which year did the Jallianwala Bagh massacre occur? 1919 18. Who gave the slogan “Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it”? Bal Gangadhar Tilak 19. Who started the Non-Cooperation Movement? Mahatma Gandhi 20. When was the Civil Disobedience Movement launched? 1930 21. What was the Dandi March related to? Salt Satyagraha 22. Who founded the Indian National Army (INA)? Subhas Chandra Bose 23. What was the slogan of Subhas Chandra Bose? “Give me blood, and I shall give you freedom!” 24. When was India declared Independent? 15 August 1947 25. Who was the first Prime Minister of Independent India? Jawaharlal Nehru
Question Answer 1. When did the Constitution of India come into effect? 26th January 1950 2. Who is known as the Father of the Indian Constitution? Dr. B.R. Ambedkar 3. How many articles were there in the original Constitution? 395 Articles 4. What is the preamble of the Constitution based on? Objectives Resolution by Nehru 5. How many fundamental rights are guaranteed by the Constitution? Six 6. Which Article of the Constitution guarantees the Right to Equality? Article 14 7. Under which Article is the Right to Constitutional Remedies provided? Article 32 8. Which part of the Constitution deals with Fundamental Duties? Part IV-A 9. How many Fundamental Duties are there in the Constitution? 11 10. Who is the head of the Indian State? The President of India 11. What is the minimum age to become a member of the Lok Sabha? 25 years 12. Who appoints the Chief Justice of India? The President of India 13. Which body in India is responsible for conducting elections? Election Commission of India 14. What is the tenure of the Rajya Sabha? Permanent body; 1/3rd members retire every 2 years 15. Who was the first President of Independent India? Dr. Rajendra Prasad 16. Which Indian monument is a UNESCO World Heritage site and a symbol of love? Taj Mahal 17. Where is the Sun Temple located? Konark, Odisha 18. Which classical dance form is from Kerala? Kathakali 19. The Khajuraho temples were built by which dynasty? Chandela dynasty 20. What is the origin period of the Renaissance? 14th to 17th century 21. Who painted the famous ‘Mona Lisa’? Leonardo da Vinci 22. In which year did the French Revolution begin? 1789 23. What was the slogan of the French Revolution? Liberty, Equality, Fraternity 24. Which country is known as the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution? England (UK) 25. In which year did World War II end? 1945
